A Comparative Study on The Nutritional Quality of four Varieties of Healthy and Disease Affected Mulberry Leaves and Determination of Factors Associated with the Disease

Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT

A Comparative Study on The Nutritional Quality of four Varieties of Healthy and Disease Affected Mulberry Leaves and Determination of Factors Associated with the Disease Tang, Md. Abul Kashem The causal organisms, Cercospora moricola Cooke and Phyllactinia corylea Pers Karst responsible for leaf spot and powdery mildew diseases of mulberry leaf respectively were isolated, identified and characterized from the following observation, organisms are obligate parasite under the form of class Deuteromycetes and A5comycetes, optimum temperature 28-30°C and 20-25°C; Optimum pH 5.0-6.0 and 5.0; optimum relative humidity 90-100% and 70% for conidial germination respectively. The conidium of Q. moricola germinates better in rain water and 2.0-2.5% glucose solution whereas P. corylea germinates better in dew and 2.0% glucose solution. Out of the four varieties of the mulberry leaves examined, BM-2 is more resistance of leaf spot disease while BM-4 is more resistance of powdery mildew. The disease severity of leaf spot increases during the month of August while powdery mildew increases during the month of Febnmry. Among the six fungicides tested, Dithane M-45 and Bayleton-25wp were the most suitable fungicide for the control of leaf spot and powdery mildew disease respectively. The physiochemical compositions such as TT A, pH, moisture, ash, chlorophyll, protein, lipid, total sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, starch, crude fibre, phenol, vitamin-c, vitamin-B 1, vitamin-B2, ~-carotene and minerals as well as content of enzymes such as amylase, protease, invertase, cellulase, polyphenol oxidase, ascorbic acid oxidase and peroxidse in four varieties of healthy, tukra disease affected, leaf spot disease affected and powdery mildew disease affected mulberry leaves at mature stage were compared. In general healthy mulberry leaf contained about 322-255 mg% chlorophyll, 71- 74% moisture, 3.08-3.40% ash, 4.08-4.62% protein, 1.97-2.10% lipid, 2.7-3.0% total sugar, 0.59-0.71 % reducing sugar, 2.06-2.31 % non-reducing sugar, 6.38- 7.22% starch, 6.08-7.04% crude fibre, 145-160 mg% phenol, 116-132 mg% vitamin-c, 98-120 mg% P-carotene, 44-60 mg% vitamin Bi and 0.47-0.53 mg% vitamin B2• The present data indicated that the contents of most of the chemical compositions such as ash (10-15% ), chlorophyll ( 50-60% ), lipid (25-30% ), total sugar (40-50%), reducing sugar (40-50~/o), non-reducing sugar (40-50%), starch (35-40%), crnde fibre (25-40%), vitamin-C (20-35%), vitamin-Bi (25-35%), Vitamin-B2 (25-30%), P-carotene (30-45%), calcium (35-40%), phosphorous (35- 400/o) and iron (40-50~/o) were decreased while the contents of protein (25-30%) and phenol (30-50%) were increased significantly after infection of healthy mulberry leaves with diseases. The enzyme contents some hydrolytic enzymes such as amylase (45-55%), invertase (30-40%), protease (40-45%) and cellulase (50-55%) were decreased while that of the oxidative enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase (50-80°1<>), ascorbic acid oxidase (85-125%) and peroxidase (45-75%>) were increased remarkably after infection of mulberry leaves with diseases. The above mentioned crnde enzymes were also characterized with respect to their temperature optimum, pH optimum, heat stability, Km and Ymax• This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil)

An Analysis of the Chemical Composition of Different Varieties of Betel Leaves, and Purification and Characterization of Invertase and Polyphenol Oxidase from Doga Variety

Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT

An Analysis of the Chemical Composition of Different Varieties of Betel Leaves, and Purification and Characterization of Invertase and Polyphenol Oxidase from Doga Variety Hossain, Md. Murad Betel leaf (Piper betel) is a tropical creeper and most important herb in Bangladesh. The nutrient compositions such as protein, lipid, total sugar, reducing sugar, nonreducing sugar, starch, chlorophyll, crude fibre, ash, moisture, phenol, vitamin-C, vitamin-B1, vitamin-B2, P-carotcne and minerals wch as iron, phosphorus and calcium of four varieties of betel leaves were compared. The enzymes such as amylase, invertase and cellulase activities in the betel leaves were also investigated at differe􀁙t maturity stages. Activities of protease, P-galactosidasc, polyphenol oxidase, catalase and peroxidase were also measured. In general premature betel leaf contained about 86.87-87.99 gm% moisture, 2.96-3.08 gm% ash, 1.848-1.93 gm% fibre, 0.492-0.672 gm% phenol, 143.24-186.16 mg% chlorophyll, 1.29-1.43 gm% total wgar, 1.226-1.359 gm% non-reducing sugar and 4.98-6.28 gm% starch 2.87-3.34 gm% protein and 0.175-0.37 gm% lipid while mature betel leaf contained about 85.33-85.94 gm% moisture, 3.22-3.26 gm% ash, 2.095-2.11 gm% fibre, 0.547-0.704 gm% phenol, 255.65-320.76 mg% chlorophyll, 3.74-4.92 gm% protein, 0.98-1.63 gm% lipid, 3.22-3.58 gm% total sugar, 0.497-0.576 gm% reducing sugar, 2.587-2.900 gm% non-reducing sugar, 5.60-7 .05 gm% starch, 297-341 mg0/ii vi tamin-C, 120-131 mg% P-carotcne, 32.24- 36.02 mg% vitamin-B1, 0.63-0.78 mg% vitamin-B'.!, 216-231 mg% calcium, 9.15- 9.78 mg% iron and 145-157 mg% phosphorus. The amount of total sugar, nonreducing sugar an_d strnch conl'cnts were increased moderately from premature to over mature stage. No detectable amount of reducing sugar was found in premature stage but its content was increased thereafter upto over mature stage. The highest amount of invertase was found in Doga variety (64.00-82.32 Units per gm) and the lowest in Kai Hangla variety (26.67-40.32 Units per gm) in all the maturity stages whereas the acr-ivity of invertase was increased with the changes of maturity. The activities of amylase was maximum in Kal Bangla variety (premature 60.23 Units, mature 75.78 Units and over mature 70.51 Units per gm) and minimum in Dudhswar variety (premature 32.49 Units, mature 58.70 Units an

Purification, Characterization of Protein from the Ventral Portion of Puffer Fish ( Tetraodon patoca Hamilton) and Comparison of Their Characteristics with Tetrodotoxin

Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT

Purification, Characterization of Protein from the Ventral Portion of Puffer Fish ( Tetraodon patoca Hamilton) and Comparison of Their Characteristics with Tetrodotoxin Hasan, Md. Sohel A lectin was isolated and purified from the ventral portion of the Potca fish, Tetraodon patoca.The method was accomplished by gel filtration of crude protein extract on Sephadex G-50 followed by Ion exchange chromatography on DEAE- cellulose and finally by affinity chromatography on ConASepharose matrix. The molecular weight of the lectin as determined by the gel filtration and SDS-PAGE was about 82,000 and 80,000 respectively, but 42,000 and 38,000 were indicated by SDS-PAGE in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. The Lectin agglutinated rat red blood cells and in a hapteininhibition test, the lectin was inhibited specifically by the O-mannose and mannose containing saccharides. The Lectin is glycoprotein with neutral sugar content of about 0.35%. Like tetrodotoxin, the purified lectin also showed strong cytotoxic effects, which was confirmed by brine shrimp lethality bio assay and histopathological examinations. The N- terminal amino acid sequences of both the sub units of the lectin were also identified and used a blast search on N- terminal amino acid sequences of the sub units revealed that the lectin showed significant homology with the homologous proteins in database. Among them. marine toxins, relevant for human intoxication, tetrodotoxin has been known as one of the most prejudicial. Potca fish is originally thought to be the only animal from which tetrodotoxin could be isolated. Five different parts of potca fish were analyzed for their toxicity using brine-shrimp lethality bioassay. Among the parts examined, the ventral portion and egg contained comparatively the highest amount of toxicity. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) was isolated and purified from the ventral portion including liver by thin layer chromatography (TLC) using the solvent system 1-butanol: acetic acid: water (8: l: l): Two spots with Revalues of0.76 and 0.65 were showed under UV light and after spraying with l 0% potassium hydroxide/ninhydrin reagent the toxicity of both the compound were further reconfirmed by brine-shrimp lethality bio assay. The TTX and Potca Fish Protein (PFP) have showed no activities against gram positive as well as gram negative bacteria. Sub-acute toxicity study showed that the TTX and PFP had pronounced effects on the hematological profiles, such as total RBC, total WBC, platelet, % of hemoglobin and ESR. The other biochemical parameters such as SGPT, SGOT, SALP, serum bilirubin, creatinine and urea were also affected by the toxins. The histopathological examinations showed that the tissues such as liver, lung, kidney and heart of rats were severely affected after treated with both TTX and PFP as compared to those of the control group rats. Again, although TTX and PFP showed also similar effects but PFP is slightly less effective than TTX. This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil)

A New Ledin from the Pulp of Punica granatum: Isolation, Charactemation and Antiproliferative Activities

Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT

A New Ledin from the Pulp of Punica granatum: Isolation, Charactemation and Antiproliferative Activities Nurujjman, Md. A lectin (designated as PgL) was purified from the pulp of pomegranate (Punica granatum) by using Ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose column with the molecular mass of 28.0 ± 1.0 KDa as estimated by SOS-PAGE both in the presence and absence of 􀀋- mercaptoethanol. The lectin agglutinated rat blood cells along with different groups of human blood cells. The hemmaglutination activity was inhibited by 4- nitrophenyl-a-D-manopyranoside and 2-nitrophenyl-􀀋-D-glucopyranoside. The lectin showed the maximum agglutination activity within the pH range of 6.0-8.0 and temperatures range of 30-80°C. PgL was glycoprotein in nature containing 40% neutral sugar. The lectin was a divalent ion-independent glycoprotein that lost 75% of its activity in the presence of 8M of urea. PgL exerted no toxic effect against brine shrimp nauplii and did not show any agglutination activity against five pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhi). MTT assay showed the growth of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells to be inhibited upto 6.9-19.8% at a protein concentration of 12.5-100 µg/ml. PgL showed 18.0- 33.0% growth inhibition against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in vivo in mice when administered at 1.5-4.5 mg/kg/day (i.p.), respectively, for five consequent days. Keywords: lectin; anti tumor; fluorescence spectroscopy; MTT assay; agglutination; sugar inhibition This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil)

MPhil Thesis

A Comparative Study on The Nutritional Quality of four Varieties of Healthy and Disease Affected Mulberry Leaves and Determination of Factors Associated with the Disease

An Analysis of the Chemical Composition of Different Varieties of Betel Leaves, and Purification and Characterization of Invertase and Polyphenol Oxidase from Doga Variety

Purification, Characterization of Protein from the Ventral Portion of Puffer Fish ( Tetraodon patoca Hamilton) and Comparison of Their Characteristics with Tetrodotoxin

A New Ledin from the Pulp of Punica granatum: Isolation, Charactemation and Antiproliferative Activities