PhD Thesis

Problems and opportunities of Education for the people living in polder areas in bangladesh: a study on rajshahi district

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Problems and opportunities of Education for the people living in polder areas in bangladesh: a study on rajshahi district Hossain, Md. Sazzad Education is a method of assisting learning or the attainment of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs and habits. So, the equal opportunity of education is an important factor affecting the overall development of a country. The problems and oppo1tunities of education in a country like Bangladesh can be understood in the context of identical development, people having the educational oppo1tunities and the state of education providing, thereby from an understanding of the advancement of education in the country. The apposite development of Bangladesh may be hampered if the educational status of the polder people remains as low as it is today. Though constitution of Bangladesh has given equal civil rights to every citizen of this country but the polders people in Bangladesh feel disadvantaged in every sphere of their lives. Right from their bi1th, due to be the inhabitants of remote areas, they face discriminations in both their social and public lives. In this ground, the present research has explored the problems and opportunities of education for the people living in the polder areas of Rajshahi district in Bangladesh. Both as an explorative as well as descriptive in nature, this study has been conducted to explore the problems and opportunities of education for the polders people living in the selected polders of Rajshahi district. The population of this study conducted on 342 respondents, consisting of the students living in the study area who are enrolled in the 8 ( eight) schools located in the 5 (five) polders, parents of the students, teachers those who are serving in the selected schools and local leaders in those polder area. Moreover, three case studies of students and two focus group discussions have been carried out with seven to thi1teen persons in each group. According to the educational situation of the polder areas, present study has focused on these priority themes( 1 )Problems of education in the polder areas(2) The opportunities of education for the polder people in Rajshahi District and (3) Relationship between the socio-economic situation and the polder education of the study area. This Thesis is Submitted to the Institute of Education and Research (IER) , University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Environmental Impacts on Knee Osteoarthritis and It’s Sustainable Management using Therapeutic Agents

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Environmental Impacts on Knee Osteoarthritis and It’s Sustainable Management using Therapeutic Agents Hossain, Md. Shahadat Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is the most common form of joint disease. It is one of the major causes of impaired function that reduces quality of life (QOL) worldwide. To evaluate the association between Environmental Impacts (weather, occupation, posture, age, sex, obesity, exercise, sports, diet, demographic, joint injury, hormone, bone density etc.) and knee pain among individuals with osteoarthritis (OA) (n=299). This prospective study evaluated men and women, aged 40 to 80yr, participating in a community-based, osteoarthritis exercise study (June 2012–June 2016). Weekly selfreported pain scores were collected using a visual analogue scale. Statistical tests, including regression and correlation analyses, were conducted. P values<0.001 were considered significant. To compare the effectiveness of sustainable management using different therapeutic agents (swimming exercise, quadriceps stretching exercise, mobilization exercise, deep transverse friction massage with hot pack). The mean temperature was 23°C with a low of 4°C and a high of 40°C. Most associations explored produced non-significant findings. However, among women with knee OA, higher pain was significantly associated with days of rising barometric pressure (P<0.001). While some associations were suggestive of a relationship, largely these findings indicate that weather is quite modestly, if at all, associated with pain from OA. Some occupational activities increase the risk of knee OA, although the influences of publication bias and heterogeneity are important limitations of this study. Both aerobic walking and home based quadriceps strengthening exercise reduce pain and disability from knee osteoarthritis but no difference between them was found on indirect comparison. Obesity was also significantly associated with knee OA There was no statistically significant interaction effect between BMI and gender, age or any of the other confounding variables. A moderate correlation was found between joint displacement detection threshold and age (r = 0.557 and r = 0.625 for the right knee and the left knee, respectively). The threshold was substantially and significantly different between the OA patients and the elderly controls.------ This Thesis is Submitted to the Institute of Education and Research (IER) , University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Influence of Ataraxia on Drop out among Secondary School Children: A Psycho-social Study in Naogaon District

2020-06-01T00:00:00Z

Influence of Ataraxia on Drop out among Secondary School Children: A Psycho-social Study in Naogaon District Mannan, Md. Abdul Ataraxia is now very important and new kind of modern idea in the education world. After a lengthy investigation Ataraxia institute was inaugurated 2001 in Barcelona. It mission is helping to shed negative feeling and recovery of their inabilities and powerAtaraxia means emotional detachment. Ataraxia comes when students don‟t go to school regularly or when unconscious mind in the class room remains or don't study part by part according to syllabus. It is a kind of mental evasive tendency which keeps the children apart from study but it is hard to be understand outwardly. We have to keep in mind Ataraxia isn't some sub-conscious mental disease, it is still a conscious condition. We can find that all are given emphasis on poverty and illiteracy as the causes of drop out problem. It is really an important cause but we have to keep in mind causes are really of two kinds. One is social and other is psychological. If poverty is social cause, psychological cause is influence of Ataraxia. Ateraxia is one of the main causes of drop out students but most of the teachers and guardians are not aware about the influence of Ataraxia. My research has helpedto clear about the Ataraxia concept. The present study entitled Influence of Ataraxia on Drop out among Secondary School Children: A Psycho-social Study in NaogaonDistrictis an attempt to study the relationshipbetweenschool dropout students and Ataraxia. The study has two main objectives, one is the social side and other is to thepsychological phenomenon. The study is based in both primary and secondary sources of data while analysis is derived mainly on the base of primary data which is collect though a multiple methods and techniques. Two hundred and thirty one drop out students were selected for the entire study using the sampling technique to conduct the research work, interview, observation, and case study methods were applied. The finding of the study willhelp the education planners, policy makers, curriculum express and administration to chalk out an appropriate, meaningful and realistic policy to present drop out situation. As well as, my research help to know how to ataraxia influence the student on drop out among secondary schools. Despite living in the modern age today, poverty, illiteracy and unemployment etc. are considered to be the main causes of dropping out of the school going student but If we ask a school going drop out student “Why do you stop going to school?” s/he answer‟s that his father is very poor. His father can‟t able bear food and education expenditure. If we think a little bit, he actually does not like school. He blames his father‟s poverty but he avoids his mental inability in unconscious mind. We find two causes here. He is not interested to going to school because of lack of preparation to answer in class but he uses father‟s poverty as the main cause. So, to know the real cause of drop out of school going students, we have to analyses both the psycho-social aspect of the school going drop out student.Due to the influence of ataraxia a huge numbers of students on being drop out at the secondary school in our country.Finally, the researcher strongly recommends awareness development among the students and guardians that may help to protect the drop out problem among secondary school children. This thesis is Submitted to the Institute of Education and Research (IER), University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The Role of Non-formal Education of NGOs to Combat Violence Against Women: A Study on Two NGOs in Rajshahi Distric

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

The Role of Non-formal Education of NGOs to Combat Violence Against Women: A Study on Two NGOs in Rajshahi Distric Parvin, Mst. Sultana At present violence against women is a common phenomenon in Bangladesh like other developing countries and this problem is gradually increasing. Consequently along with the traditional institutions many voluntary organizations are trying to mitigate this problem through awareness building activities and non-formal education program. But the actual status of violence and the role of NGOs in mitigating the social problems like violence against women are not clearly presented in the existing literatures. Nevertheless, without clear perception, no hazard could be minimized properly. Subsequently, this study has been conducted with the view to analyze the role of NGOs in increasing the awareness of women to combat violence against women through non-formal education. In order to get the basic information about the above mentioned field of study, three most common methods have been applied in this research like social survey, observation and case study. The collected primary and secondary data have been analyzed and presented in seven chapters. In chapter one, the introductory issues, conceptual framework and literature review have been presented. The methodological aspects have been presented in chapter two. However, the identity, the functional and ideal aspects of the selected voluntary organization have been presented in chapter three. Nevertheless, some core ideas and findings of the study have been incorporated in chapter four and five respectively. Along with the above issues, the existing legal measure of mitigating violence against women and some laws related to women, their social rights have been included in chapter six. Finally, the summary of the findings, such as nature and types of violence, causes of violence against women and role of NGOs in strengthening conscious level of women and increasing their protection and perception toward themselves from violence etc. have been presented in chapter seven, where the researcher found rural women are most vulnerable group of people in Bangladesh and they have to face various types of violence in different stages of their life. For example, the women are victims of discrimination, deprivation and oppression in all spheres of life. In chapter four, a measurable scenario of violence against women has been found from the secondary source, where irrespective of age, sex and socio-cultural class, violence against women becomes a common phenomenon. Similarly, in chapter five, where the most of the field data show that, without any hesitation, male members are continuously committing violence against women in various forms, but some GOs and NGOs efforts are existing to stop some violence, but the traditional practice is still very common among the male dominating societies. Subsequently, in chapter six some constitutional and legal measures have been incorporated for getting the context and content of legal provision for vulnerable women of Bangladesh, where inadequacy of legal measures is clearly observed. Consequently, the nature and the form of violence against women are still in alarming stage and on the basis of the above observations, a good number of suggestions and recommendations have been incorporated in the concluding chapter. However, NGOs are playing a significant role in reducing violence against women by increasing the conscious level. Nevertheless, this single study is not enough for clearly releasing so many crucial issues relating to violence against women and the causes of violence, role of NGOs in increasing and strengthening awareness building capacity among the women. Thus more comprehensive and rigorous studies are essential in the lights of the findings of this study. This thesis is Submitted to the Institute of Education and Research (IER), University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)