http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/69 2026-04-07T21:44:32Z http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/1151 Effect of antioxidant on pesticide induced cytomorphological consequences in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) Akter, Afroja To meet up the growing demand of huge number of population, high production of crop plants playing a major role in ensuring food security and food availability. But different kind of pests and diseases is affecting the production of crop plants adversely. Now-a-days pesticides have got a remarkable popularity in terms of pest management, plant protection and to increase the yield of the crop plants. Thus, crop plants are being directly affected with different sorts of adverse consequences. Mutagenic and carcinogenic effect of pesticides is managed by the use of antioxidant as it is used in case of mammals. The present study was designed to investigate the protective role of antioxidants against pesticide toxicity in wheat seeds. Wheat seeds treated with pesticides were used as control in this experiment and then pre- and post-treatment were operated using antioxidants. The seeds of pre- and post- treatment were designated as M1 generation. Treated seeds were allowed to germinate in laboratory as well as in the field following three factors randomized complete block design and data were collected on cytological as well as growth and yield related characters. The M2 seeds collected from M1 plants (raised from the seeds treated previously) were left untreated and were sown in next year. Again data were collected on morphological and cytological characters from M2 generation to investigate the residual effect. Result obtained from M1 generation indicates that pesticides induced adverse morphological and cytological characters. At the same time pre- and post-treatment of antioxidants showed positive effect on reducing pesticide toxicity enhancing growth and yield related characters. The overall findings indicated that antioxidants have an antagonistic effect against pesticide induced cytomorphological consequences. Result, also revealed that pre-treatment showed more efficiency than that of post-treatment. Result of M2 generation showed that both pesticide and antioxidant had same sort of residual effect. This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Botany , University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil) 2024-02-01T00:00:00Z http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/1135 Propagation and breeding of kakrol (MOMORDICA DIOICA ROXB.) Hoque, M. Aminul Prime objective of this study was to establish an effecient method for mass production of propagules of diploid, triploid and tetraploid kakrol (Momordica dioica Roxb.). The induction of somaclonal variation and reproductive behavior of the kakrol were also studied for undertaking future breeding programme. Kakrol cheifly propagates through tuberous root. However, production of tuberous root is low. In addition to this due to hard seed coat, seed germination in kakrol under normal condition, is very low. In this investigation, mass propagation was successfully done in kakrol through treating vine cuttings with 1.0 rngr1 IBA for 30 min. Enhanced rate of seed germination was acheived by removing the seed coat prior to seed sowing. Results of in vitro studies show that, true to type kakrol could also be raised through culture of different explants. Nodal and shoot tip explants of field grown plant rapidly induced multiple shoot in vitro. Among the different media formulations tested 2.0 mgr1 BA + 0.2 mgr1 NAA in MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) salt was the best for the induction of multiple shoot from both nodal and shoot tip explant of tetraploid kakrol. Morphological differentiation from juvenile tissues such as cotyledon, embryo and hypocotyl of germinating seeds of tetraploid kakrol in different culture media formulations was investigated. Morphogenic response of cotyledon markedly varied with the ontogenic stage of the explant as well as with growth regulator composition of the media formulations. Cotyledons collected 18-21 days after pollination induced direct multiple proliferation when cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mgr1 BA + 0.2 mgr1 NAA + 0.1 mgr1 GA3. Callus development occurred from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants in MS medium containing auxin alone or in combination with cytokinin. Growth, morphological nature and organogenic potentiality of the calli varied with explant type and growth regulator supplements. All BA with NAA combinations accentuated organic potentiality of the primary callus. Organic potentiality of cotyledoner callus was more than hypocotyl derived callus. Optimum shoot regeneration occurred from cotyledoner calli when subcultured in 2.0 mgr1 BA+ 0.2 mgl"1 NAA. Whereas, 3.0 mgl"1 BA+ 0.5 mgr1 NAA was optimum for hypocotylar callus. Callus culture was maintained for a long time through subculturing in MS medium containing BA+ NAA or IAA + KIN combinations. Rooting potentiality of the microcuttings varied with their sources of explants. Among the various media compositions tested MS with 1.0 mgr1 IBA medium was the best for root induction. Somaclonal variation m respect of fruit weight among the somaclones regenerated from induced callus was observed. Some of the somaclones had higher fruit weight than normal. Bisexual flowers could be induced in tetraploid, triploid and_ diploid type of kakrol by treating shoots with AgNO3. Most of the AgNO3 treated vines produced continuous female flowers when sprayed with 100 and 200 ppm AgNO3 at 5 days, 7 days or 10 days interval. AgNO3 at 100 ppm on individual twig at 7 days interval produced highest number of normal female flowers in tetraploid type ofkakrol. The application of AgNO3 to female plants developed bisexual flowers. Stamens in induced bisexual flowers developed from the base of style and anther reached just beneath the stigma. AgNO3 at 300 ppm produced the highest number of bisexual flowers per vine in diploid type of kakrol whereas 400 and 500 ppm AgNO3 produced highest number of bisexual flowers per vine in triploid and tetraploid type of kakrol respectively. Morphological studies of the reproductive structures reveal that bract size and position on the peduncle of the bisexual flower were different from those of normal male and female flowers. Most of the induced bisexual flowers were bigger than those of corresponding normal male and female flowers. Leaf area in male and female tetraploid plants were larger than corresponding diploid and triploid. Number of viable pollen in induced bisexual flower was higher in tetraplotd than other types of kakrol. The highest percentage of pollen grain germination was 85% recorded in tetraploid and diploid male flowers when 20% glucose solutions were used for 45 minutes. The pollens of bisexual was as effective as that of male flowers on the normal female flowers. In diploid, percentage of success in crosses with pollens from diploid bisexual flowers was same as found in control. The pollen of induced bisexual flower was not effective on the same or other induced bisexual flowers. However, induced bisexual flower did not develop fruit under self or sib or even cross pollination with normal pollen. Fluorescent microscopic observations reveal that 76% of developing pollen tubes of cf tetraploid were able to enter the stigma but they failed to penetrate further due to tumor formation. When pollen grains of normal tetraploid flower were used to pollinate different types of pistillate flowers, fruit setting was observed only in o tetra xd' tetra andodip + + xo' tetra crosses. Fluorescence microscopy shows that, numerous pollen tubes in both cases were found to develop through the stigmatic papillae to perform fertilization. Pollen graini collected from male and bisexual flowers of triploid failed to give successful crosses with any types of pistillate flowers. Following pollination both localized and diffused callose production was observed on the stigmatic papillae which eventually prevented pollen germination. On the other hand the stigmatic papillae from unpollinated pistils did not produce any kind of callose. The fruit produced through the crossing of the stigmas of diploid or tetraploid with the pollens of induced bisexual flowers were greater in size than the fruits developed through other crosses. Seeds from induced cf pollen x o dip or tetra + crosses developed only female plants that could be used for large scale seed production. 1997-08-17T00:00:00Z http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/1064 Surveillance of poultry farms and management of enterobacteria associated diseases through ethnoveterinary medicine Hossain, Md. Showkat Twenty farms in Rajshahi Metropolis, Bangladesh were surveyed from January 2013 to December 2013 to assess the sanitation and hygiene quality of the poultry farms. The study results revealed the maximum disease incidence in January which was directly correlated with temperature and relative humidity and July was found the safer month for poultry production. In the waste management system, 85% of poultry farms scored ‘not satisfactory’ at a satisfactory level. Where a large number of coliform was recorded in different poultry feed samples. Total seven genera as Escherichia coli sp., Klebsiella sp., Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Enterobacter sp., Citrobacter sp. and Proteus sp were identified from the poultry feed. Among the selected isolates only twelve isolates showed positive β-hemolytic activity. In the toxicity test through direct ingestion into the chicken, all the isolates showed positive results while in the Rose Bengal Agglutination test (RBAT) test only five bacteria showed strong agglutination reactivity.To in vitro control of pathogenic bacteria methanol, ethanol and acquous extract of six plants namely Azadiracta indica, Carica. papaya, Zingiber officinale, Mentha. arvensis, Cynodon. dactylon, Peltophorum pterocarpum were used . C. papaya showed the best performance for creating a zone of inhibition against Shigella sp. Considering the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) value, ethanolic extract of A. indica showed the best performance against the pathogenic bacteria. In the farm trial, it was remarkably noticed that A. indica leaf extract and C. papaya fruit extracts completely control the pathogenic bacteria and improved the live weight gain of the poultry about 11.16% and 11.37% higher than control, respectively. Thus the results suggest that strong policy measures are needed to improve the sanitary quality and change the attitude of poultry farmers and increase awareness of the causes and effects of potential outbreaks of poultry disease. Moreover, the continuous treatment with A. indica leaves and C. papaya fruit extract produced a significant increase in the live body weight and a significant effect on antibacterial activity. So, the effect of the selected plant extracts to be an important source in ethnovaterenirary medicine (EVM) practices to control entero-bacterial diseases of poultry and can be used as growth promoters that can minimize the unjudiciary uses of antibiotics in the poultry sector. This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/1039 Taxonomic Diversity of Angiosperms in Rajshahi Region Rani, Rony Taxonomic diversity of angiosperms in Rajshahi region, Bangladesh was carried through from November 2015 to October 2020. Spacious floristic surveys of angiosperms and collection have been made throughout the area of studied. With everything taken into consideration 725 of species along with 482 genera within 125 families were recorded. Overall the observed data habit analysis shows that herbs, shrubs, climbers and trees are represented by 50%, 15%, 13% and 22% species respectively. In the recorded species, Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledones) is expressed by 585 (81%) under 379 genera and 102 families while Liliopsida (Monocotyledones) is expressed by 140 (19%) species under 103 genera and 23 families. The distribution of angiosperm species in the families shows variation. Asteraceae is the dominant family disclosed by 52 species, followed by Poaceae (44 species), Fabaceae (43 species), Euphorbiaceae (37 species), Cucurbitaceae (25 species), Caesalpiniaceae (22 species), Apocynaceae (19 species), Acanthaceae (18 species), Malvaceae (18 species), Mimosaceae (17 species), Lamiaceae (17 species), Verbenaceae (17 species), Amaranthaceae (16 species), Solanaceae (16 species), Araceae (16 species), Moraceae (12 species), Convolvulaceae (12 species), Liliaceae (12 species), Scrophulariaceae (11 species), Arecaceae (11) species, Cyperaceae (11 species), Brassicaceae (10 species), Bignoniaceae (10 species), Rubiaceae (10 species). A single species is displayed by 61 families while 2 to 9 species are represented by 49 families. For each species, local name, scientific name, habit, the status of occurrence, voucher number, flowering time and medicinal uses were recorded. Also presented clustering of 725 plant species (habit diversity) in a simple flat dendrogram. This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Botany , University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil) 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z