http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/56 2026-04-07T21:44:29Z http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/1150 Improvement of bitter gourd (momordica charantia l.) Through breeding and biotechnology Sikdar, Biswanath A field experiment was carried out in the Fruit Research Station, Bindpur, Rajshahi during 2001-2003 with 6-pasestal and 5-parental diallel sets to determine the gone effects for different quantitative traits te, vegetative-reproductive and al traits in bitter gourd (Momordica charanis L.) Significant differences were observed for most of the traits. The range of variation was enough for all the traits studied, which showed greater scope for their selection as breeding materials. Varians analysis of diallel exhibited the presence of additive gene effects for most of the traits, except BBB, FBN, FEN, and ETS, PTS, GTT-LP, respectively for vegetative-reproductive and anatomical traits of 5-puntal diallel. Out of eighty-nine traits (in both dillelsets), the item was significant for 83 traits, opt ID, FPL, OD and FV of 6-pereal diallel and ID and FBN of 5-parental diallel. In this investigation, relatively lager value of 'a' component in comparison to those of '&' for all the traits were observed. So, the additive component of variation was more important for all the traits in their inheritance. The additive component 'D' was highly significant for all the traits, except LB12 and DRMF of 6-gatal diallel. Whereas, in 5-perectal dialled for vegetative- reproductive traits out of 35 traits the significant 'D' value was observed only for five traits (e, I, OL, FL, FD and FP. In anatomical traits the significant 'D' was observed in seven traits only. The item H1 was significant for most of the traits. The item 'D' was slightly more predominant in most of the traits than dominant component H. The components H, and F were significant for most of the traits and the values were also higher than their "D" values, which showed the importance of non-additive inheritance. It was observed that the H1 values were smaller than H, in most of the traits. So, equal frequency was present in the parents. The positive sign of Fin most of the traits indicated the presence of dominant genes, but in most of the traits it was non-significant, which indicated that dominant properties of genes was not valid. For most of the traits, was non-significant, epistis was not present in the pants. In 6-parental diallel partial dominance was present in 19 out of 30 traits. Whereas, most of the traits (24) showed over dominance in 5-parental diallel. Most of the traits indicated asymmetry of distribution with+,- alleles. In this experiment most of the traits exhibited excess dominant alleles Le, dominant alleles were more frequent than recessive alleles in punts in both of the diallel se The presence of variability and non additive nature was noted for meat of the tits. The heritability in narrow sense ranged from 15.52 (LBL2) to 99.25% (FV) in 6- Parental diallel, 36.41 (DRB) to 69.35 (FV) and 1.40 (PTS) to 50.15% (OPT-IVB) respectively in vegetative-reproductive traits and anatomical traits in 5-allel The regression of Wr on Fr were unity in most of the traits and therefore, the additive dominance model was satisfactory. Non-allelic interaction was not observed in the parents Combining ability was observed in 39 traits in both the diallel sets, GCA effects of parents and SCA effects in direct and reciprocal crosses were significant with a higher magnitude of C of GCA variance indicating that inheritance of these traits were predominantly governed by additive and additive x additive epistatic components. Among 6-paremal diallel of model-l method-ll, the genotype BGGBI was found to be the best general combiner for the important traits I, DRFF, FL, FV, FW and FFW. The genotypes BGGB4, BGGB13 and BGGB14 were the best the general combiner for DRMF, FNFW and HF/W respectively. Similarly 6-perectal diallel of model-l method-I showed th BGGB12 was the best general combiner for DRME, DRFF, FV, FW FFW and FNFW. For 5-parental diallel, the best performing GCA effect was in BOGB17 for IL, DRB, DRMP, DRFF, FL, FFT. The important traits FW, FFW, SF and FP had no significant general combiner. The parent BGGB20 was the best combiner for most of the anatomical traits. In the 6-parental dialled of model-l method-1, the best crosses with high SCA effects were BOOB14 x BOGB4 for DRMF BGGB6 x BOGB1 for DRFF, BOGB14 BGGB13 for FL, BGGBS BGGB4 for FD, BGGB14 BGGBI3 for FV, BGGB14x BGGB13 for FW, BOGB14 BOGBI3 for FFW, BOGB12 BOGB6 for HF/W, Similarly for 6-pantal dallel of model-t method-II the SCA effects showed that the best specific combinations were BGGB13 BGGB6 for DRMF, BGGB6 BGGB4 for DRFF, BGGB14 BOOB12 for FL, BOOB13 B0084 for FD, BOGB13 BOGBI for FV, BOGB12 BOGBI for FW, BGGB12 BGGB4 for FFW, BGGB13 x BGGBI for FNFW, and BGGB12 BGGB6 for HF/W For 5-parenta Galle, the significant SCA effects were BGGB18 BGCB16 for DRMF, BOOB19 BGGB17 for DRFF, BOGB19 BOGB17 for FL, BOGB17 BGGB16 for FV, BOGB20BGGB19 for FFT and BGGB18 BOOB16 for SWF. For the traits HL, EL, LPL2, LBL2, LP, LBL, LBB, IL, FFN, OL, OW, SL, FD, FFW, SP and FP had no significant cresses. The best areas was BOOB 20x BOGB17 for most of the anatomical traits A high frequency of sprouting from shoot tips (90%) and nodal explants (93%) and shoot differentiation was observed in the primary culture of Momordica charantia L on MS hal medium supplemented with various concentrations and combinations of benzyl adenine (BAP), a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and gibberellic acid (GA). The best response in terms of single shoot formation was observed on MS medium with 2 mg1 BAP + 0.2 mgl NAA and multiple shoots were obtained by culture of shoot tips and nodal explants on MS with BAP (2 mg/l)+ IBA (0.2 ng)+GAs (0.3 mg). This combination was suitable for regeneration and growth of shoots. About 99% rating was obtained from shoots cultured on MS supplemented with IBA (0.6 mg/l). Pls with well developed roots were transferred to soil with survival frequency of 70% The growth of meristem was observed on semisolid MS media when the culture media were supplemented with 0.05mg/1 KIN +0.1 mg/l GA, After three weeks, meristems were transferred to MS media supplemented with BA, KIN, IBA, NAA and IAA singly or in combination for shoot elongation and root initiation. Among the different treatments, MS + 1.0 mg/1 BA + 0.1 mg IBA + 0.3 mg/1 GA, showed good responses for shoot initiation with elongation. On the other hand good rooting was observed when 0.5 mg IBA and 0.1mg/ NAA were used in MS semisolid medium. Ten works old in vitro plantlets were successfully planted in soll through gradual acclimatization. Immature embryos were excised from seeds of two genotypes (GBBG 6 and GBBG 14) of bitter gourd and cultured in invariably underwent callasing followed by multiple shoot formation, but in some cases single shoot was observed MS medium supplemented with 1 μM BAP + 0.01 M1 NAA was found to be suitable for adventitious multiple shoots and root regeneration. Addition of 40-100 mg/l casein hydrolysate (CH) improved shoot and root regeneration efficiency. For single shoot and root formation, MS medium with 0.3521 M1 GA+ 100 ml CH was very effective Aspangine and L-glutamine had no role in to tissue differentiation of immature embryo culture. High frequency of direct organogenesis from immature leaflet explants has been achieved in biter gourd. Here shoot buds were found to develop from leaflet on MS medium containing 3.0mg/l BAP and 0.5mgl IAA within 7-8 weeks. Proliferation of regenerated shoot buds, formation of shoots and their elongation took place in the same medium. Regenerated shoots formed healthy roots when they were further grown on MS median supplemented with 0.5mg IBA. Mutiple shoots from the immature cotyledenory nodes of two genotypes of bitter gourd were induced in MS media with GA, IAA, IBA, NAA, KIN and BAP. The shoots continued to increase in number for 5-6 weeks. On the medium, BAP 2 mg in combination with 0.1 mgl IAA + 2 mg/l GA, was the most effective medium for adventitious shoot proliferation from immature cotyledonary node. BGGB1 and BOGB14 genotypes produced over 84% and 80% shoots, respectively on this medium in 6 from the time at inoculation of primary explants. BOGBI was found to be better in rape than B00814 in most of the treatments. Somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis with subsequent plantlets regeneration were achieved in callus cultures derived from immature cotyledon of bitter gourd using MS semisolid besal medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of cytokinin (BAP and KIN) and on (IAA and IBA). Among the different combinations, the media supplied with BAP and IAA were more effective in the induction and proliferation of callus then KIN+ IBA or KIN+ IAA or BAP+ IBA. The highest numbers of somatic embryos were obtained in media fortified with IAA (1.0 mg/l) and BAP (1.0 mg). BAP (2.5 mg) in combination with 0.2 mg/l IAA was found table for shoot organogenesis. Rapid and reproducible transformation system for bitter gourd using Agro bacterium fciens mediated gene delivery was developed. Inmature cotyledonary node and immature cotyledon from green immature fruits that have been allowed to imbibe were used as explant, and regeneration we achieved vie organogenesis and embryogenesis, respectively, Cotyledonary node and cotyledon were co-cultured in MS media with 2.0 mgl BAP +0.1 mg IAA +2.0 mg/l GA and 2.5 mg BAP 0.2 mgl IAA, respectively. Histochemical GUS assay of the explants, exsand shoots (newly formed) released that they were GUS positive. Of the explants so the studied cotyledon was found to be more susceptible to Agrobactreium (LBA4404, pB1121) and infection moreover, successful regeneration was also observed. It was the first step to produce transgenic bitter gourd using this gene delivery method and it will also provide a basis for further research to generate transgenic bitter gourd plants. This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) 2004-08-01T00:00:00Z http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/1127 Study of the Anther Culture and Comparison of GxE Models for Selection of Stable Genotypes in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) Islam, Md. Aminul The present investigation consists of the study of anther culture and the study of comparison of GxE models for selection of stable genotypes in chilli (Capsicum annuu,n L. ). The materials were seven chilli varieties, viz., abbreviatum, annumm, acuminatum, nigra, co110ides, cerasiformis and fasciculatum which were tested for ten quantitative characters, such ns NSBMF, NSBFF, PHMF, NPI3FF, NPl3FF, LAMF, LAFF, NLMF, NPBMF and NLFF. Immature anthers of all the seven varieties were used as the main materials in the study of anther culture. MS basal medium supplemented with diITerenl combinations of cytokinins and auxins were used. All the seven varieties produced calli supplemented with 0.1 mg/I NAA + 0.1 mg/I 2-1D + 0.2 mg/I BAP. The range of callus induction was from 1.7 to 6.0%. Three varieties, viz. C. abbreviatum, C. annuum and C. fasciculatum responded well in calli formation in five different media among which abbreviatum was the best. In the study of the comparison of GxE models the range of variation was wide and pronounced for all the characters, indicating that there were genotypic diITerences among the varieties under study. For the analysis of stability, under three models, namely Eberhart and Russell's, Perkins' and Jinks' and Freeman and Perkins' were compared to select the stable genotypes. Following all the three models varieties abbrevialum for PHMF, acuminatum for NPBFF, ahbreviatum, annuum and cerasiformis for PHFF were found to be stable having unit regression co-efficient (bi), non significant deviation from regression ( S2 d,) and high mean perfonnances. Following Eberhart and Russell's model, the linear component in the joint regression analysis was found to be important. In Perkins' and Jinks' model both linear and non-linear components were found to be important. But in Freeman and Perkins' model, only non­linear component was significant. This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology , University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil) 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/1107 Genetic Variation in Biochemical Traits of Momordica Dioica Islam, Md. Rezaul Among the vegetables, kakrol (teasle gourd) is a dioecious fruit Vegetables grown almost everywhere in Bangladesh and neighbouring countries. It has become an important and probably the most expensive summer vegetable in Bangladesh (Rashid, 1976). It has good transportability and long shelf life.Its centre of origin is unknown. But its wild types are found in the Himalayas, Chittagong Hilltract, Hills of Rajmahal, Hazaribagh, Rajgir in Bihar, hill region of the Rajasthan and SriLanka.The genus Momordica of the family. Urticaceae is distributed all over the tropics and subtropics but the largest concentration or species is in tropical Africa, Asia and South America (Sheshadri, 1986). It is a summer vegetable of lndo-Malayan origin (Rashid 1976, Singh, 1990). It is also grown luxuriantly in hot humid summer with minimum care. There is a good prospect of commercial production of kakrol for its export potential ns well as internal demand. Recently teasle gourd has become a major vegetable in Bangladesh because of its high export potential and demand in internal market. It is primarily exported to United Kingdom and Middle East countries. Its availability during March to October, the lean period of vegetables also acts in favour of its high demand. It may be cooked in different methods, fired or cooked with or without meat or fish and thus gives high palatability. This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/972 Genetic control of the Growth of Root Nodules and their Relation with yield in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) Goni, Md. Osman For the ease of study the present work was carried out in three separate sections. Section I: 1t contains the analysis of variance, components of variation, heritability and genetic advance for nine lines in black gram. The twelve quantitative characters such as, date of first flower (DFF), date of maximum flower (DMF), plant height at first flower (PHFF), plant height at maximum flower (PMFF), plant weight at harvest (PWtH), dry plant weight (DPWt), number of false pod per plant (NFPdPP), number of pod per plant (NPdPP), pod weight per plant (PdWtPP), number of seeds per plant (NSPP), seed weight per plant (SWtPP) and 100-seed weight ( I 00-SWt). The collected lines were distinctly different from each other for these characters that justifies their inclusion in the present investigation. The highest phenotypic variation and co-efficient of variability were found for NSPP. The genotypic variation and co-efficient of variability were observed for D50%F and PHFF respectively. The highest heritability and genetic advance as a percentage of mean (GA%) with a value of 42.717 and 16.0939 respectively, were recorded for PHFF. High error component of variation causes a low estimation of heritability. Low heritability as well as low values of genetic advance and genetic advance as a percentage of mean were noted for NSPP. Section II: It deals with the analysis of variance with factorial analysis and correlation co-efficient of root length (RL), shoot length (SL), fresh plant weight (FPWt), fresh root weight (rRWt), root volume (RV), nodule number (NN), nodule weight (NWt), number of pod per plant (NPdPP), fresh pod weight (FPdWt), dry pod weight (DPdWt), number of seeds per plant (NSPP), yield per plant (YPP) and I 00-seed weight ( 100-SWt). Analysis of variance indicated that all lines were significant. Factorial analysis indicated that the individual effect of fertilizers is more important for root and shoot characters than yield, while yield itself showed increase response with combined fertilizer dose instead of single dose particularly nitrogen. However, all the root and shoot characters and yield per ii plant except NPdPP and 100-SWt showed the importance of combined dose ie. NPK in black gram. Correlation study indicated that RL showed positive significant correlation with NPdPP and FPdWt. SL exhibited positive significant correlation with FPWt, FRWt and NN. The correlation of FPWt was found to be positively significant with FR Wt, NN, RV and NWt. FRWt showed positively significant correlation with RV. A significant positive correlation was exhibited by NN with NWt, NPdPP, YPP and 100-SWt. The correlation co-efficient of RV was found to be positively significant with NPdPP and FPdWt. NWt showed positively significant correlation with NPdPP, FPdWt, YPP and 100-SWt and negatively significant correlation with NSPP. Section lll: Factorial analysis and analyses of variance, variability, heritability, genetic advance and genetic advance as a percentage of mean for the six characters like moisture, dry-matter, protein, free sugar, reducing sugar and vitamin C of root nodules were done in this section. In the analysis of variance for the chemical characters of root nodules the lines (L) were found to be significant in different from each other and dose (D) effects were not found at each stage (S), except reducing sugar for dose and free sugar and reducing sugar for stage. Application of the individual dose, N, K, P and combined dose, NP, PK, NK and NPK have no effect in most of the stages for all the characters. Protein showed the highest PCV and GCV among these chemical characters. All the chemical characters, except moisture and dry-matter for root nodules exhibited high heritability and genetic advance as a percentage of mean. ln the calculation of molecular weight of protein and its bands it was found that lines L20, L11, L14 and L 15 contained mostly similar types of protein in seeds and root nodules. While, similarity in regard of molecular weight of protein and its band for nodule and seeds was found in least number of cases in L1R- Regarding the 18 amino acids detected, in maximum two cases all the nine lines were found to be different. However, glycine, methionine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine and arginine were common for root nodules in all the lines. The concentration of bacterial colonies all the nine lines were different. The highest concentration was found for L20 followed by Lis, L15 and L19. With these results lines L20 and L15 may be considered for further breeding research for high yield in black gram. This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil) 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z