http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/38 2026-04-07T21:44:32Z http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/1161 Yield gap in wheat production: an analysis of farm specific efficiency in bangladesh Rashid, Md. Haron Or Wheat production can be enhanced by properly utilizing productive inputs and managing production factors effectively in order to meet the increasing demand for food. The primary goal of the current study was to discover and assess the potential for increasing wheat productivity by boosting farmers’ productive efficiency. The study employed farm level cross sectional data collected from 286 farm households of three major wheat growing areas in Bangladesh. Hundred percent farmers used modern variety of wheat in their production practices. The variety BARI Gom 30 produced highest yield (3006 kg/ha) followed by BARI Gom 32 (2934 kg/ha) and BARI Gom 33 (2902 kg/ha). Yield of wheat varied across locations and among farm categories. The average yield was found to be 3110 kg per hectare with highest average yield at Rajshahi followed by Jamalpur (2920 kg/ha). The yield of Jamalpur (2920 kg/ha) and Faridpur (2741 kg/ha) was less than the national average (3098 kg/ha). Among farm categories, large farmers produced highest yield (3016 kg/ha) followed by medium (2938 kg/ha) and small (2817 kg/ha) farmers. Full package of recommended production technologies was not adopted by the farmers. Other socioeconomic factors have also played roles in the variation in yields. The bio-physical constraints limiting wheat production were: lack of good quality seed, soil type, poor utilization of irrigation facilities etc. Among the socioeconomic factors, farmers’ contact with the extension worker had the positive and significant influence on yield implying that, wheat yield could be increased significantly by increasing farmers’ contact with the extension worker. The coefficient of plot tenancy dummy had negative sign for all areas implying that, wheat yield in the rented in plots were lower compared to that of own plots. Labor cost accounted the highest share of the total production costs (almost 18 percent) in all areas followed by fertilizer and irrigation cost. The rate of profit was also substantially higher for the farms in Rajshahi than that of Jamalpur and Faridpur. The share of returns from wheat output for different factors of production did not differ that much. Sowing time is an important factor for variation of wheat yield. The residual (or operator’s surplus) was positive in the cultivation of wheat in all the areas. The mean technical efficiency of wheat growers was 81 percent suggesting that there existed a technical inefficiency of 19 percent. The estimates of stochastic frontier production function model showed that fertilizer and irrigation have a significant positive impact on wheat production. The estimates of stochastic frontier cost function model showed that fertilizer price and sowing at optimum time would result in the decrease of production cost. Thus, farmers’ efficiency could be improved by 19 percent through the improvement of technical efficiency. The coefficients of farmers’ education, wheat farming experience, and training on wheat cultivation were negatively significant in the inefficiency effect models implying that inefficiency decreases with the increase in farmers education, wheat farming experience, and training on wheat. The yield gap-I was estimated at 1189, 1203 and 1148 kg/ha in Jamalpur, Rajshshi and Faridpur respectively resulting mostly from non-transferable components of technology and environmental factors. Yield gap-II was estimated at 1703, 1623 and 1826 kg/ha in Jamalpur, Rajshshi and Faridpur respectively. This was attributed mainly to technical inefficiency. The biotic and abiotic factors were also combinedly responsible for yield gap II. The magnitude of yield gap II was almost parallel in three production environments. The study suggests that existence of some gaps in wheat yield, which may be reduced to some extent through policy interventions and adoption of improved technology. This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Crop Science and Technology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/1089 Yield Gap Minimization In Mustard Through Agronomic Management Techniques Biswas, Girish Chandra To find out the yield gap, causes of yield gap and to minimize yield gap of mustard (Brassica Sp.) through agronomic management techniques, there were 03 (three) different experiments were conducted. From first experiment, 04 (four) most potential mustard varieties were selected for next experiments. The second and third experiment was conducted at research field and at farmer’s field with four mustard varieties viz. BARI Sarisha 9, BARI Sarisha 11, BARI Sarisha 14, BARI Sarisha 15 and three different sowing times viz. 30th October, 10th November and 20th November in three different growing seasons. Then the yield gap analysis, the causes of yield gap and strategies for minimizing the yield gaps of mustard were find out. In this study different treatments showed significant influence on yield contributing characters and yield of mustard in the growing seasons of 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17 both at research and farmer’s field. In general BARI Sarisha 11 with 10th November sowing time gave the maximum plant height, no. of leaves plant-1, no. of branches plant-1, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, pod length, no. of pods plant-1, no. of seeds pod-1, no. of seeds plant-1, 1000-seeds weight and finally seed, straw and oil yield whereas the minimum values of above parameters were obtained from BARI Sarisha 9 with 20th November sowing time in all three growing seasons. Effect of different variety and sowing time on yield contributing characters and yield of mustard was noticeable. BARI Sarisha 11 produced the highest values and BARI Sarisha 9 gave the lowest values. On the other hand, values of all yield contributing characters were found to be decreased with increasing the date of sowing after 10th November. The highest yield gaps of mustard between research and farmers field were 395.00 kg ha-1 with 17.99%, 480.00 kg ha-1 with 21.05% and 471.00 kg ha-1 with 20.60% from BARI Sarisha 11 with 10th November showing time in the growing seasons of 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17. Biological factors, socio-economic factors, climatic factors, institutional/Government policy related factors and technology transfer factors are considered for causing yield gaps of mustard.------ This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Crop Science and Technology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/1063 Study on Gummosis and Sudden Decline Disease of Mango Plants in Rajshahi Region of Bangladesh Hossain, Md. Mosharraf Mango is one of the most important fruit in Bangladesh suffering from many diseases. Among the diseases gummosis and sudden decline disease of mango plant is a new disease in Bangladesh. Day by day it is becoming a serious threat to the mango growers of the country. In order to study about the disease a set of four experiments were conducted. A field survey was conducted at five upazilas of Chapainawabganj district and three upazilas of Rajshahi district of Bangladesh during January 2016 to October 2017 to study the incidence and severity of the disease. It was observed that the disease was found in all the surveyed area under investigation. Among the eight upazilas the highest incidence (3.47%) and severity index (10.70%) were recorded in Shibganj upazila of Chapainawabganj district where as the lowest incidence (1.77 %) and severity index (6.00 %) were recorded in putia upazila of Rajshahi district. In case of varietal reaction the highest incidence (3.55 %) and severity index (14.87 %) were recorded in Fazli variety whereas the lowest incidence (0.26 %) and severity index (2.16 %) were recorded in BARI Aam-4. From the experiment it was observed that among the varieties surveyed fazli was very much susceptible to gummosis and sudden decline disease. These studies indicate that older plants might be more susceptible to the disease compared to younger plants. From the results it was observed that the maximum disease incidence was noted in the month of April and the minimum in July. During the survey samples of diseased plant parts were collected and the causal agent was isolated on potato dextrose agar media and identified. The isolated fungus was identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae that was confirmed by pathogenicity test using mango seedlings as test crops following stem inoculation method. Lasiodiplodia theobromae, isolated from the diseased plant parts which was able to cause the same xvi symptom on inoculated mango seedlings. In this study molecular identification and characterization of isolated fungus was conducted using genome sequencing of its region from northern parts of Bangladesh. The BLASTn search revealed that the fungus derived from gummosis and sudden decline disease of mango is Lasiodiplodia theobromae. In vitro fungi toxicity of eight fungicides from different groups were tested for their efficacy against L. theobromae, by following poisoned food technique, proved that Carbendazim was the most effective fungicide followed by Copper hydroxide, Propiconazole and mixture of Pyraclostrobin with Metiram. Six treatments were applied at field condition to manage the disease and it was observed that among the treatments the lowest severity (2.96%) as well as the highest disease reduction (95.56%) after the application of Bordeaux paste along with spraying Carbendazim @ 2gm/L. This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Crop Science and Technology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/1049 Study on Growth, Yield and Yield Contributing Characters of Tomato Varieties in Rainfed Area Hoque, M. Ekramul The experiment was conducted to evaluate the "Study on growth, yield and yield contributing characters of tomato varieties in rainfed area" during October 2013 to March 2017 at the experiment field of Kalikapur, Baraigram Upazila, Natore and laboratory of Crop Science of Technology, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh. Four different experiments were conducted and laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Four tomato varieties BARI-2, BARI-8, BARI-14, and BARI-15 were used as planting material. A series of experiment were laid out in order to develop suitable variety, better management practices and to get high quality tomato production to overcome the adverse condition. Experiments were conducted mainly effect on staking and non-staking, pest and disease management practices, pruning and non-pruning & organic and inorganic fertilizer combination level of growth, yield and yield contributing characters of tomato variety. In case of quality tomato production, the results revealed that the plant height, number of leaves, number of branches per plant, number of fruits per plant, yield ton per hectare were significantly influenced by treatments except few cases. Results revealed that the effects of Staking and Non-staking and their co-ordinate interactions of tomato have been investigated and produced the highest yield (54.85 t/ha) was observed in staking practices and the highest yield was found (63.03 t/ha) in combination and vitamin C content highest in fresh stage (30.00 mg/100gm) as obtained from the treatment S1V1 (S1= Staking; V1= BARI-2). The effects of pest and disease management practices produced the highest yield (53.26 t/ha) was observed in C1 (Chemical use) and very closest yield was found (50.88 t/ha) in NL1 (Neem leaf extract & Bordeaux mixture). The treatment combination of pruning and non-pruning practices observed the maximum yield (53.25 t/ha) in used pruning practices and the highest yield was found (61.43 t/ha) in the treatment P1V1 combination (P1= Pruning; V1= BARI-2). On the other hand, among different organic and inorganic fertilizer combination the highest yield of tomato (57.47 t/ha) was found in treatment T2= ½ Cow dung + ½ chemical fertilizer (7.5ton/ha + Urea-250kg/ha, TSP-200kg/ha, MOP-100kg/ha) with variety BARI-2 (Ratan) followed by poultry litter and chemical fertilizer. This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Crop Science and Technology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z