http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/223 2026-04-07T21:47:04Z http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/1174 Legal framework on protecting coral reefs of bay of bengal with special references to global practices Shovon, Khan Md. Arman Coral reefs are most diverse and valuable ecosystems on the planet, supporting a wide range of marine biodiversity and providing important benefits to coastal communities. Human activities such as pollution, overfishing, and climate change pose a significant threat to these delicate ecosystems. As a result, many countries around the world have developed legal frameworks to protect their coral reefs and ensure their long-term sustainability. In Bangladesh, corals grow exclusively in Saint Martin Island, located in the north-east region of the Bay of Bengal. These reefs provide essential habitats for a variety of marine species, support local fishing communities, and offer valuable tourism opportunities. However, they are also under threat from a range of human activities, including pollution from land-based sources, overfishing, and the effects of climate change. Coral reefs are known as the "rainforests of the sea" due to their high levels of biodiversity. Coral reefs act as a natural barrier that protects coastlines from the impact of storms, waves, and erosion. They absorb and dissipate the energy of incoming waves, reducing their destructive force on the shorelines. Coral reefs are major attractions for tourists, drawing visitors from around the world to places like Saint Martin Island. Coral reefs play a role in mitigating climate change by acting as carbon sinks. Coral polyps absorb and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, helping to reduce the concentration of greenhouse gases. The purpose of this research examines the legal framework in place to protect coral reefs in Bangladesh, with a particular focus on global practices. The research begins by analyzing the current legal protections for coral reefs in Bangladesh and assessing their effectiveness in preserving these ecosystems. This involves an examination of any laws, regulations, or policies that exist at the national or local level, as well as assessing the enforcement mechanisms in place to ensure compliance. In addition to this, the research conducts a comparative analysis of legal frameworks for coral reef protection in other countries or regions. This helps identify potential best practices that could be adapted to the context of Bangladesh and provides insights into the effectiveness of different legal approaches to coral reef protection. The research also considers the role of international agreements or organizations in coral reef protection, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity or the International Coral Reef Initiative. This helps identify opportunities for Bangladesh to collaborate with other countries and organizations in the region and around the world to strengthen its legal framework for coral reef protection. Finally, this research considers the perspectives of various stakeholders in coral reef protection, including government agencies, environmental NGOs, local communities, and businesses that rely on coral reefs. This helps identify potential conflicts or challenges in implementing a legal framework for coral reef protection and provides insights into ways to address these challenges. This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies , University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) 2024-03-01T00:00:00Z http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/1128 Vulnerability to Water-Logging and Livelihood Security in South-Western Region of Bangladesh Rahman, Md. Mahmudur Water logging constitutes the main hazard in the South-West region of Bangladesh. The severity of this hazard turns into a disaster and creates vulnerability due to existence of high population density with poor socio-economic status. Thus, this study examines the present status of the vulnerability situation of the affected households by water logging with the reference of Jessore district, the worst affected area by water logging. Moreover, this study looks into the livelihood security status and tries to sort out its significant determinants. The study uses field survey data and several mathematical and statistical methods to obtain the objective and total sample size are 377 out of 20576 households for measuring vulnerability, the study firstly uses Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for giving weights to each variable. Secondly, it adopts Leon's matrix for calculating vulnerability score for each factors. Thirdly, the overall vulnerability level of the study area is calculated by aggregating the vulnerability scores of each factor. Livelihood security status is measured by using Household Livelihood Security Index. Moreover, the study applies econometric technique (2SLS) for determining the factors that influence the livelihood security of affected people by water logging. The study results reveal that rural people in the study area face the problems of social disruption in terms of school, housing, health, sanitation and market facilities. It is found that 40. 34 percent households are in very high vulnerable condition and on an average; overall livelihood security is lower in the study area. The estimation of econometric model finds that all the security variables (economic, food, education and health) positively influence the economic security in the study area whereas family size and dependency ratio are significantly negatively associated with economic security as expected. Therefore, the study recommends facilitating financial and capital supports and livestock/fisheries based livelihoods may be encouraged. Trial and error based education enhancing programs are also marked as suitable policy of improving livelihood security status. This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil) 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/1051 Morphological Changes in Teesta River Basin: Impact and Adaptation Strategies in the Northern Bangladesh Sultana, Mst. Rebeka Bangladesh is located at the foothills of the mighty Himalayas and the landscape of the country is formed with the morphological changes of the Ganges- Brahmaputra-Meghna river system. The Teesta is one of the main tributary of the Brahmaputra river which originates from the glaciers of Sikkim, India. The Teesta river flows through the northeastern region of Northern Bangladesh which is considered as the soul of the entire region of Rangpur division. Physiographically, the region is recognized as Teesta Floodplain and designated as an important earthquake zone. Morphological Changes are recurrent incident in the study area. Aggradation and degradation processes of the Teesta river shaped different morphological features in the river basin. Flood, erosion, sediment deposition, channel migration are the main events causing river morphology change. All these fluvial-morphological hazards are responsible for distresses of thousands of people of the Teesta riverine community. The study area lies beneath the plains of the Himalayas and it is the inherent cause for flood and river bank erosion in the Teesta river basin. The unstable river bank and its changing morphology turned the region least developed economy and the area is known as “Monga prone area” (“Monga” refers to seasonal unavailable employment opportunity and reduction of purchasing capacity of essential goods which leads people to become starved) as well as the community is termed as “Mofij”(The poor people of Teesta river basin). Catastrophic flood, ruinous river bank erosion, recurrent channel shifting situation becomes part and parcel of everyday life of the community adjacent to the Teesta river bank. The Teesta riverine people are helpless, homeless and landless particularly the poor‟s are the most affected and vulnerable groups who are loosening their lives, property and livelihoods. Morphological change interrupts their normal life and they turn into poor, poorer and poorest.--- This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies , University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/936 Hydrological Characteristics of Barino Tract: A Case Study of Tanore Thana Ali, Md. Showkat Water is one of the main elements of hydrological parameters and is vial to all living beings. In all sectors of development activities, water plays a key role and all the ecological and biological establishments are depend upon the hydrological components. The present study is an attempt to focus on the hydrological characteristics of the Barind Tract: A case st11dy of Tanore Thana. Tanore Thana is an important thruia of Rajshahi district, situated in the high Barind and northwest parts of Bangladesh. The Barind is a rich heartland of agricultural resources. To study the hydrological characteristics of the study area, some hydrological and climatic data were felt necessary. BWDB is a . ·. data collection Bank. Hydrologic and climatic data were collected from BWDB and BMD. Other necessary data. were collected from different organizations. Quality of water was tested from the Phychology and Limnology lab of Botany department in Rajshahi University. To assessment, explain and analysis of the hydrological characteristics, data were first computed and plotted on the tables, then draw graphs and curves. ------ This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil) 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z