http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/21 2026-04-07T21:43:53Z http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/1170 Comparative Studies on Fish Diversity in the Chalan Beel Before and After Establishment of Fish Sanctuary Shikha, Sadicunnahar A total of two years of investigation were done in Chalan beel, Tarash Upazila, Sirajganj district, where a fish sanctuary was constructed at the end of the first year, to determine the impact of the sanctuary on fisheries diversity. The monthly data is gathered through Seine net (Berjal). 43 species, including three alien species —Cyprinus carpio, the species Cyprinus carpio var specularies, and Oreochromis mossambicus—were identified from 11 orders and 18 families. The species with the greatest incidence was Puntius puntio (19.65%), which was followed by Amblypharyngodon mola (9.30%) and Colisa fasciata (9.57%). In 2020, Cypriniformes (46.67%) was the category with the most prevalent order. In 2021, the author, withers found 11 order, among these 11 orders, Cypriniformes found as dominant order (49.05%) and the rest 10 orders Cichliformes (1.25%), Siluriformes (20.80%), Clupieformes (4.17%), Anabatidiformes (19.49%), Decapoda (2.50%), Mastacembeliformes (0.17%), Synbranchiformes (0.002%), Perciformes (2.40%), Beloniformes (0.07%), Actinopterjii (0.007%), comprises respectively. The order Cypriniformes (17 species) was recorded to be the prevalent order, record keeping for 48.85% of the total order, upheld by Siluriformes (20.8%) and Anabantidaeformes (19.65%). Shannon-weiner diversity index is recorded 2.388 in 2020 before establishment of sanctuary and 2.528 is after establishment of sanctuary. On the setting up of the sanctuary, the mean value climbed to 2.53 from 2.39. The positive effects of the fish sanctuary could have improved the overall catch and biodiversity index, and they may also have been utilized to deal with the sustainable growth of fisheries diversity. This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi for the Degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil) 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/1137 Reproductive biology and fishery of ailia coila (hamilton-buchanan) (siluriformes: schilbeidae) Alam, Md. Rabiul Fish and fisheries play a vital role in the economy of our nation. Bangladesh is endowed with unique aquatic resources for fisheries development. Though Bangladesh is a small country of only 147, 570 square kilometers, it contains an abundance of rivers, streams, canals, ponds, tanks and ditches. Bangladesh is the richest country in the world in terms of water resources. The Rajshahi Division in the Northwest Region (NWR) of the country covers an area of about 3.5 million hectares and accounts for about 25% of Bangladesh's land area. The population of this region is about one fourth of the total population of Bangladesh. The people of this area suffers more from malnutrition than those in other parts of the country. The per capita protein intake in Bangladesh is about 50 g/day of which only 7-8 g comes from animal protein (Haque, 1982). To raise the animal protein production for human consumption we need to increase the production of fish, poultry and cattle. In Bangladesh fish play a vital role in meeting the requirements for protein. One of the most complex problems facing the world today is the capacity of the environment to support human life. Bangladesh, as a nation, is faced not just with the problem of sufficient food production but also with the quality food production to improve the general health of the rapidly increasing population. Blessed with innumerable bodies of freshwater, the nation has the potentiality to become self sufficient in the production of protein food of superior quality- the fish. Bangladesh is rich in fish wealth, which is the second staple food of the people. It is not only a food product but also a cash product, as a good amount of foreign money is earned by exporting fish. Thus fish plays an important role in the economy and dietary habits of the people. Development of fisheries means the development of the country. Millions of landless people are engaged in fishing, fish processing, marketing, transportation, preservation, fish by products and other aspects of the fish industry. The people of our country are fond of fish and it is an established fact that fish has been the most preferred and major source of animal protein in the diet of the people of our country. Production of fish from inland waters in Bangladesh has declined. substantially. Consequently to the decline in fish production from inland waters and increase in population fish consumption per capita per day has droped from 33 g. The per day fish consumption per capita was 21 g in 1963- 1964, which decreased to 12 g in 1985. As a result animal protein is very low in daily diet of our rural people, which is among the lowest in the world. However, the large fishes are preferred more, though the catch deficit is being supplemented by the small fishes, which are more nutritious than the large fishes. The total protein intake in Bangladesh per capita per day is about 57 g of which 7.8 g are of animal origin as reported by nutrition survey 1963- 1964. Out of which 6.38 g i.e. about 80 percent come from fish alone (Rabbani and Hussain, 1970; Mannan, 1977; Ali, 1982). Fish diet mainly provides proteins, fats, vitamin A and D, and phosphorus. According to FAO-report 1991, fish contains 72% water, 19% protein, 8% fat, 0.5% calcium, 0.25% phosphorus and 0.1% vitamin A, D, B and C. The institute of Nutrition and Food Science (INFS) of Dhaka University has recommended that to arrest any further decline in the nutritional level of food of the people, an increase in the consumption of fish as 33.6 g/person/ day would be desirable. In this context, it would be well to examine how the recommended rate of the INFS will meet. A study made by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (1985) indicates that inland fisheries contribute as much as 30.52 percent to the overall fish Production of the country. It has been shown that the proportion of the contribution of the capture (open water) and culture (closed water) fisheries to inland fisheries stand at 95 percent and 5 percent respectively. On the other hand, among the total capture fisheries 22.9 percent contribution was made by the small indigenous fish species (Nabi, 1987). Recently we are getting fish 36% from culture water and 64% from open water. In the 1930s and 1940s, capture fisheries contributed more than 90% of the total fishery resources while culture fisheries contributed 10% or less. Since then there has been a sharp decline in the capture fisheries and a gradual increase in culture based fisheries. The indiscriminate use of insecticides has drastically affected the fish population. With the increase in human population and their high demand for fish and other aquatic resources came the necessity for an increased production of fish. So we should concentrate our attention on better production of fish and fishery resources. The small indigenous fish species, thus make a very significant contribution to the fisheries of Bangladesh. In Bangladesh about 80 percent population is poor and they mainly depend on small size fish for their daily supply of animal protein (Siddique, 1985). Another advantage of small size fish is that they could easily breed and grow in a water bodies, where culture of the other major fishes are impossible. Bangladesh, being an agriculture country and rich in fishery, a number of potential water bodies remain neglected even up to these days. Only by proper culture of these fishery resources the country can overcome the problem of protein deficiency. In realizing this condition several research programs are being organized on different indigenous species by different research institutions of the country. The present thesis is a step in the direction of an effort to amass of information as much as possible on one of the hither to less known species Ailia coila (Hamilton-Buchanan). The freshwater A. coila a member of cat fish family is excellent as food and a rich source of protein in the common people. It is caught largely from the river Padma. A. coila carries its local name as Kajuli, Baspata (Rahman, 1989). This genus is represented by two species such as A. coila and A. punctata. This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil) 1999-01-01T00:00:00Z http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/1131 Comparative Study of Different Types of Sinking and Floating Feeds Formulations for Culture of Pangasius Sutchi Mannan, Md.Abdul A study was undertaken to know about the existing farming system of Thai pangas (Pangasius sutchi) and to develop better quality sinking and floating feed from locally available fish feed ingredients. Data on socio-economic condition and farming practices were collected through direct interviews with the randomly selected pangus farmers. Socio-economic conditions of the pangas farmers were found quite developed while they encountered several problems in their farming practices. Study revealed the average production of pangas was 37.50 t/ha along with carps and tilapia was 3.50 t/ha with a FCR value of commercial feed ranging from 1.96 to 2.20. They also revealed that 83% pangas ponds surveyed had CBR within 1.0-2.0 and only 3% had greater than 2.0. Therefore, the study concluded with remarks of major problems in lack of quality feed and their higher market price. As a consequence, the second experiment, locally available nine raw materials and seven types of feed additives were used to formulate two types of sinking and floating diets with two formulas each. Each of the formula also had starter and grower graded feeds. Sinking pellets were 2.0-3.0 mm in diameter and 4-7 mm in length and the floating pellets were 2.0-3.0 mm in diameter. Production cost of these two types of feeds was evaluated whereas the price of sinking starter was BDT 36.17 and 38.32; the growers were BDT 34.50 and 36.39. Furthermore, production cost of floating starter was BDT 44.24 and 46.01; and the grower was BDT 40.95 and 43.39. Protein content ranged from 27.42 to 30.55% in sinking pellet feed and 27.95 to 30.85% in floating pellet feed. Lipid content was ranged from 9.26 to 9.45% in sinking pellet feed and 9.15 to 9.53% in floating feed. In the performance evaluation trial of formulated feeds, third experiments were conducted for a period of four months in Jikorgacha Upazila of Jessore district. Among the formulation of sinking pellet feed, significantly higher gross production was recorded at treatment T2 (40.02±0.76 t/ha) and among the formulation of floating pellet feed treatment T1 (62.89±0.25 t/ha) showed higher gross production. Along with significantly higher feed cost, total cost was also recorded higher at treatment T3 (BDT 2839109.37) for sinking pellet feed fed feeding trial. However, significantly higher gross return from fish sales was obtained from treatment T 3 (BOT 3802303.80), and therefore, BCR was also recorded higher from treatment T2 (1.64). On the other hand, in feeding trial two with floating pellet feed, significantly higher total cost was recorded at treatment T 2 (BDT 2999343 .90) and the gross return from fish sales from treatment T1 (5660775.25). Moreover, significantly higher BCR was obtained from treatment Tr (2.04). Therefore, it is evident that formulation process of floating pellet feed at treatment T 1 provided better economic return compared to its subsequent treatments and sinking pellet feed groups. This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/1130 Alternative Livelihood of Hilsa Fisherman with its Marketing System: A Case Study from Chandpur District Taslima, Farhana An investigation was carried out to evaluate the income potential and livelihood status of alternative income generating activities of hilsa fisher as well as marketing system of hilsa in Chandpur district (Bangladesh) via interview, focus group discussion and crosscheck interviews with key informants emphasizing on socioeconomic status, overviews of hilsa marketing exercise, marketing channel, marketing constraints and the role of marketing participants for a period of 12 months from January to December 2018. An initial snapshot of survey revealed that the fishers were all male (100%), half were in the middle age group (53%). The overwhelming majority were married (84%) and Muslim (86%) in religion. Most of them were from the nuclear family (67%) and have primary education (67%). A minority of them were illiterate (17%). All of them had access to water via tube-well water (100%). However, a significant minority were using catch latrine (16%) and deprived of electric facilities (29%). Only 3% of the fisherman enjoyed pakka housing facility. A third of the fishers (31 %) were uninformed on modem health facilities and were dependent on the village doctor or kobiraj. Income per annum for a majority of the fishers ranged between BDT 80-150 thousand. We've found that the local fishers had multiple income sources and weren't entirely dependent on their primary occupation for the maintenance of their livelihood. "Fishery ghat" also known as "mach ghat" was the main landing centre of hilsa in Chandpur district from where hilsa was distributed and marketed with grading throughout the country. Though preservation knowledge of some of market participants was alarming, hilsa found to be stored by some aratdar. Majority of intermediaries were self-financed, and a variety of packaging materials were used by market actors. The fishers were marginalized to a large extent both in the credit and product made by the advancing system of money lender, aratdar acted as a commission-based sales agent to sale the catch of fishers at the landing center. Wholesaler invested a huge amount of capital to purchase hilsa for a short period of time, LC paikars exported their entire purchase to overseas market and retailers were the last intermediaries who sold hilsa directly to consumer. Major constrains of hilsa marketing includes infrastructural, long marketing chain, credit facility, effective policy etc. Outcomes of this study will be effective for livelihood development of hilsa fishermen and improvement of hilsa marketing system in Chandpur and other districts of Bangladesh. This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z