http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/158 2026-04-07T21:44:56Z http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/1134 মোগল আমলে প্রাসাদ রাজনীতি (১৫২৬-১৭০৭ খ্রীঃ) রশিদ, মোঃ মামুনুর ভারতবর্ষে মোগলদের প্রায় তিনশত বছরের সাশনকাল নানা কারণেই বিশ্বের ইতিহাসে স্বরণীয় হয়ে আছে। রাজ্য জয়, সাম্রাজ্যের সংহতি বিধান, কেন্দ্র নিয়ন্ত্রিত রাষ্ট্র সমন্বয়, আড়ম্বরপূর্ণ দরবার, সূষ্ঠু প্রসাশন ব্যবস্থা পরিচালনা, জ্ঞান বিজ্ঞান চর্চা, স্থাপত্য-শিল্প কলার চর্চা প্রভিতি বিষয়ে মোগলদের উল্লেখযোগ্য অবদান পরিলক্ষিত হয়। তবে তাঁদের এ দীর্ঘ সাশনকার্য পরিচালনায় প্রাসাদ রাজনীতি ছিল একটি অন্যতম উল্লেখযোগ্য অধ্যায়… This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Islamic History & Culture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) 2011-12-12T00:00:00Z http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/735 Arab States and the Palestine Problem (1936-1993) Harun-or-Rashid, Md. Palestine Problem is the most controversial and complex issue in modern times. The root of the Palestine problem lies in the fact that the two peoples -the Palestinian Arabs and the Jews (whether inside Palestine or outside) - claim the right of ownership of the same territory which is known as Palestine to the outsiders, Palestine to the Arabs and Eretz Israel (Biblical land of Palestine) to the Jews. Both the groups put their claims over the same land with historical and practical grounds. The Palestine question has been upsetting the political equilibrium in the world for the decades together in the twentieth century. The whole drama goes way back to the early twentieth century when plans and counter plans, pledges and counter - pledges had been going on at the conclusion of First World War to dismember the already decaying Ottoman Empire, and to solve the Middle Eastern Problems by the Europeans and for the Europeans, ignoring the interests of the people concerned, namely the Arabs. In its origin only the Palestinian Arabs and Jews were involved. But during the First World War, with the publication of Balfour Declaration, the British officially involved in this problem. The Balfour Declaration issued by Britain lies at the root of the plight of the millions of the Palestinians who were driven out of their land so that the wandering Jews could make their home there. The Balfour Declaration has been regarded as the main foundation stone which ushered the problem creating complicacy and enmity between the Palestinian Arabs and the Jews. Naturally triangle diplomacy and conflict took place in the development of the Palestine Problem and this continued till the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, when Britain's official involvement came to an end. The Jews intensified their claim through Zionism. Zionism was a socio-political movement that gradually developed among the European Jews in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Although the origin of Zionism was a religious one, it emerged as a national movement under the leadership of Theodor Herzl and in the Bastle programme its objective was defined as "the creation in Palestine of a home for the Jewish people secured by public law". On the other hand, after the First World War, the fall of the Ottoman Empire led to the emergence of a number of Arab states in the Middle East under the control of some European powers. On the basis of the demand of general masses, the Arab governments of the states like Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq did not keep them aloof but from the prevailing situation came forward to handle the Palestine problem for its acceptable solution to the cause of Palestinian Arabs. In the course of the development of the Palestine question, the conference of the Arabs at Bludan in Syria (Sept. 1937) was a land mark in the increasing involvement of the Arab states in the issue. No event of the 1930s captured the attention of the Arab world as did the Arab Revolt in Palestine that took place in 1936. Its progress was eagerly followed in the daily press of Cairo, Baghdad, Damuscus, and the Capitals of North Africa. It was also carefully monitored by Arab leaders and regimes. On the one hand, the revolt aroused Arab nationalist sentiments in ways not witnessed in the region since the day of Faysal's Arab Kingdom; on the other, it alarmed Arab rulers who feared its repercussions on politics. The impact of the revolt on the Arab world differed from country to country. It specially aroused nationalist sentiment and idea in those Arab countries though with different grades. Thus a combination of political, socio-economic, and cultural factors had long been at work in leading Arab countries shaping popular opinion about Palestine. Afterwards in Oct. 1938, the 'World Parliamentary Congress of the Arab and Muslim Countries for the Defence of Palestine' took place in Cairo. The Arab revolt in Palestine (1936-39) which took place as a protest against the pro-Jewish policies pursued by the British and further development of the question of it brought about a radical change in the attitude of the decision - markers of the Arab states towards Palestine. Since then it became impossible on the part of the independent Arab states to ignore the issue of Palestine. So it became imperative and urgently necessary for them to try and influence events in Palestine. This was indeed a new phenomenon because of the fact that since then consultation between the British Government and the Arab Governments took place over the future status of Palestine. This thesis is Submitted to the Department of Islamic History & Culture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/520 Islamic Banking in Bangladesh : Its History & Socio-Economic Programmes Bulu, Dilshad Ara Islam is not a religion in western sense of the term; rather it is a Din or complete code of life encompassing the whole span of man's life from the cradle to the grave • and the life hereafter. The concept of human creation and regulation of life are centered round the Holy Qur'an (the revealed book) and the Sunnah (teaching and tradition of the Holy Prophet), which are the primary sources of Islamic Law. This mundane life is just like a corridor to enter the abode of eternity where every species of rational being will be rewarded according to the a'mal or deeds done in the world. Hence the motto of every work and deed of man should be to achieve the pleasure of Allah, the creator. To weigh the good and bad side of man's activities there is a scale set up by Allah, and this is but Shariah of Islam (Islamic Law). Islam lays much stress on the corporate life of man, as it is evident from the concept of congregational prayers and other socio-religious festivals sanctioned by the Shariah of Islam. Moreover, to lead a harmonious social life as per the Shariah rules, a Muslim specially needs to earn lawful bread and to follow a sound economic program delineated in the Holy Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet (SM). Extravagance in any form is condemned in Islam; in the same way stinginess is also discouraged. Tile leading of a modest life is praised in Islam. A Muslim is warned against spending all he has •and leaving his children and dependents in economic misery at the time of his death. Islam, therefore, urges the Muslim to increase his wealth within the framework of the Shariah and to spend it in a lawful way. Thus the monetary transactions are performed in various ways through the centuries or Muslim rule in the world. With the passage of time the concept of modem banking come into being to facilitate tile moneta,y transaction. Islamic Banking is a Shariah based concept and part of the modern economic system. The introduction of interest free equity based financing is an outcome of Islamic Economic System. Islamic economy is as old as Islamic civilization, while Islamic banking concept is a new phenomenon. The Islamic Banking concept has come into force in the late 20th century. Islamic Banks are financial institutions that operate with the objective of implementing and materializing the economic and financial principles of Islam in the Banking arena. Islamic Banks provide finance and financial services in any Hallal (lawful) activities, which leads to mutual benefit of both the parties involved in any transaction. Islam insists that the participants in the trading process must share risk and return both. The Bank should neither pay interest to the depositors nor charge any interest on loans and advances. Instead they should enter into partnership with the businessmen as a possible alternative, sharing profit and losses if any. Interest is opposed in Islam perhaps on the ground of social divisions it creates and the hardship to borrowers. Islamic Banks in our country have started working with the concept of interest-free banking and it is proved that the new banking with interest􀀵free concept could be successful and expanded in the country. The main objective of Islamic banking is social welfare and helps the downtrodden people of the society and also to initiate different investment projects that conform to social responsibility for the disadvantaged and neglected segment of the society. Most of the Islamic Banks in our country have soine special programs for-social welfare, such as, rural development scheme, employment generation scheme, poverty alleviation scheme, cultural and religious scheme, healthcare & Medicare scheme, sanitation and pure drinking water scheme, Quard-e-Hasan scheme, development of libraries, Forquania Madrassa, Waqf properties, graveyards, Eidga etc. This study mainly concentrated on the historical origin and development of Islamic Banks in Bangladesh and their socio-economic programmes as mentioned above……………. This thesis is Submitted to the Department of Islamic History & Culture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z