PhD Thesis

Evaluation of Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Levels to Differentiate Prostate Cancer from Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

2025-12-01T05:36:44Z

Evaluation of Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Levels to Differentiate Prostate Cancer from Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Islam, Md. Azizul The prostate gland is the male secondary sexual organ most commonly affected by benign or malignant neoplasm. Prostate cancer (Ca-P) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men and is now the third commonest cause of cancer death in western countries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of serum prostate-specific antigen levels in differentiating prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia. This study was carried out with 288 patients-benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) = 192 and carcinoma prostate-96) and the study population included the male patients above 50 years of age, who attended at the Department of Urology, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH), Rajshahi, and different private clinics in Rajshahi City complaining irritative or obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suspected as clinically prostate cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostatic carcinoma was observed to be significantly higher from 80 years onwards, while BPH was common between 60 - 80 years (p = 0.00001). Data shows the validity or accuracy of the free/total ratio of serum PSA as a diagnostic test in differentiating prostatic carcinoma from BPH in patients with total PSA PSA levels between 4-10 ng/ml. The percentage of false positives was significantly higher when total PSA ratio was used to diagnose the disease compared to when free to total PSA ratio was used as a diagnostic tool (p<0.000001). The overall accuracy of total PSA was also significantly lower (61.45%) than that of free/total PSA (91.67%) (p<0.011526). Another study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of prostatic carcinoma is the outcome of several factors including improved awareness the general population of the significance of carcinoma of the prostate and progresses in diagnostic approaches. The PSA is a probable prostate cancer tumour marker, although it cannot distinguish prostate cancer from BPH solely. To assess the usefulness of ree, total, and free/total PSA ratios in differentiating BPH and prostate cancer has been studied under this research work. Here, 350 patients with symptoms of the lower urinary tract, such as frequent urination, urgency, reluctance, poor flow, incontinence and nocturia, excessively big or nodular prostate detected by digital rectal examination suspected for BPH or prostate cancer were studied in men aged 50 and older. Prostatic cancer was more prevalent in men aged 70-80, whereas BPH was more common in men aged 60-70 (p = 0.00032). Histopathology revealed 95 prostate cancer patients, 82 with PSA >4 ng/ml and 85 patients had f/t PSA ratio>0.16. BPH was found in 255 individuals. 139 BPH patients had total PSA >4 ng/ml and 245 BPH patients had f/t PSA ratio ≤0.16. Total PSA had sensitivity and specificity of 86.32% and 45.49%, respectively, lower than f/t ratio. The (positive predictive value) PPV and accuracy was significantly higher in f/t ratio than total PSA. This Thesis is Submitted to the Institute of Biological Sciences (IBSc), University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Comprehensive Characterization of Bioactive Components From Green Tea (Camillia Sinensis) Extracts-As An Anti- Microbial Agent on Periodontal Disease

2025-11-26T06:38:53Z

Comprehensive Characterization of Bioactive Components From Green Tea (Camillia Sinensis) Extracts-As An Anti- Microbial Agent on Periodontal Disease Khan, Mohammad Oliur Rahman In this research, comparative analyses were done among four solvent extracts such as Methanol, ethanol, acetone and water. This present study corroborated the presence of bioactive components of green tea. Generally, the ethanolic extract of green tea showed better results for both caffeine and theanine than the other extracts as quantitatively analyzed. In addition to, Srimangal green tea was better than the other studied cultivars. The highest frequency was 8.45±0.72 mg for caffeine in ethanol extract of Srimangal green tea followed by 5.21±0.43 mg in acetone extract. Furthermore, the highest frequency was 3.42±0.14 mg for theanine in ethanol extract of Srimangal green tea. The lowest value was found 0.47±0.02 mg in water extract of Panchagarh green tea. In addition, caffeine works better than theanine among all solvent extracts. In this research, comparative analyses were done among four solvent extracts such as Methanol, ethanol, acetone and water. This present study corroborated the presence of bioactive components of green tea. Generally, the ethanolic extract of green tea showed better results for both caffeine and theanine than the other extracts as quantitatively analyzed. In addition to, Srimangal green tea was better than the other studied cultivars. The highest frequency was 8.45±0.72 mg for caffeine in ethanol extract of Srimangal green tea followed by 5.21±0.43 mg in acetone extract. Furthermore, the highest frequency was 3.42±0.14 mg for theanine in ethanol extract of Srimangal green tea. The lowest value was found 0.47±0.02 mg in water extract of Panchagarh green tea. In addition, caffeine works better than theanine among all solvent extracts. Dental swabs were collected from 390 respondents of different age and gender to test anti-bacterial activity on periodontal disease. The region of reticence was 6-9 milimetre and 8-15 milimetre while extract applied by 1mg/disc as well as 2mg/disc correspondingly. Ethanol extract at 1mg/disc and 2mg/disc was profoundly inhibitory in almost all samples. Methanol extract showed antimicrobial activity at 2mg/disc for some samples. On the other hand, there was no antibacterial activity against Streptococcus sanguinis into any of the discs in favor of aqueous extract. This Thesis is Submitted to the Institute of Biological Sciences (IBSc), University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Taxonomy and Ecological Aspects of Aquatic Insects

2025-11-26T06:35:49Z

Taxonomy and Ecological Aspects of Aquatic Insects Sana, Bijan Behari A faunistic and taxonomic account of the aquatic Hemiptera and Coleoptera of greater Rajshahi district is given on the basis of two years survey. In all, 59 species representing 30 •genera under 17 subfamilies and 11 families are recorded. These are: Hemiptera - eight families with 16 genera and 32 species and Coleoptera - three families with 14 genera and 27 species. Amongst the Hemiptera new records of for the present territory are : Limnogonus (Limnogonus) fossarum (Fabricius); Naboandelus signatus Distant; Rhagadotarsus kraepelini (Bredd.); Ranatra digitata Hafiz & Pradhan; Ranatra sp.; Ranatra varipes var. atropha Montandon; Cercotmetus pilipes Distant; Anisops stali Kirkaldy; and those of the Coleoptera are : Cybister sugillatus Erichson; Cybister posticus Aube; Cybister tripunctatus asiaticus Sharp; Cybister ventralis Sharp; Hydatichus fabricii Macleay; Canthydrus leatabilis (Walker); Canthydrus morsbachi (Wehncke) Hydrovatus confertus Sharp; . Laccophilus parvulus (Aube); Laccophi/us wewalki Vazirani; Guignotus flammulatus (Sharp); Dineutus (Spinosodineutus) unidentatus (Aube); Dineutus (Spinosodineutus) spinosus (Fabricius); Enochrus esuriens (walker); Enochrus rubrocinctus (Regimbart); Helochares lentus Sharp; Ranatra sp. may be a new species of the subfamily Ranatrinae. It was compared with all the oriental Ranatra groups, which are closely related to Ranatra unicolor Scott but it differs with male genitalia and other body morphometrics. Taxonomic keys of Families, Subfamilies, Tribes, Genera and Species are provided. Illustrations of important taxonomic features are provided most of the species with notes on their ecology and distribution. This Thesis is Submitted to the Institute of Biological Sciences (IBSc), University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Effect of Breast Feeding on The Heal Th Status of Children of Rajshahi

2023-09-18T07:11:35Z

Effect of Breast Feeding on The Heal Th Status of Children of Rajshahi Haque, Md. lmdadul In settings with excessive child mortality and a strong association between breastfeeding and mortality, it is important to know if and how improved breastfeeding practices can reduce infant and child mortality. Therefore this study tries to touch these issues on the effect of breast feeding on child health. The primary source of data for the present study was collected from the hospitalized children in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital The patients were chosen by taking alternate bed serial in the hospital ward and alternate registration serial in the OPD. The study population consisted of 800 children between ages 0-12 years. Antecedent histories of breast-feeding was taken to evaluate whether breast-feeding was associated with the risk of clinically severe diseases. A questionnaire was developed for selfadministration after an extensive review of the literature. It is found that pneumonia, perinatal asphyxia, preterm and LBW, neonatal sepsis, neonatal jaundice, encephalitis, congenital heart diseases were significantly negatively related with breastfeeding. Enteric fever, meningitis, bronchiolitis, hemolytic anaemia, AON, A WD and GBS were also negatively associated with breast feeding. This Thesis is Submitted to the Institute of Biological Sciences (IBSc) , University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)