http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/32 2026-04-07T21:44:31Z 2026-04-07T21:44:31Z Sarwar, Md. Halim http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/1037 2023-08-06T09:24:01Z 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Subject Based Teacher Training Program at Higher Secondary Level in Bangladesh Sarwar, Md. Halim Higher Secondary Teachers Training Institutes (HSTTIs) have been offering Subject Based Teachers Training Program (SBTTP) for the non-government college teachers in Bangladesh since its establishment in 1995. To identify the strength and weaknesses of the program no in-depth study yet been conducted. The training is the combination of subject knowledge and pedagogy. The research is an attempt to find out the strength and weaknesses as well as to enrich the SBTTP of HSTTIs to ensure the quality of education at the higher secondary level. The study mainly based on the primary source of data and some secondary sources of data. Primary data for the study was collected through different research tools like open-ended questionnaire, policymakers’ responses, face to face interviews, and focus group discussions (FGD). After the training program, classroom performance observed using observation checklist, and policy guideline, implementation challenges, other governance-related information have collected from 10 selected principals of respective colleges. This research was carried out using Shuffleboard's CIPP (Context, Input, Process, and Product) evaluation model. The descriptive statistical analysis such as mean, SD, percentile was used to find out the status of the existing program and find out its strengths, weaknesses as well as ways to improve SBTTP. The Chi-Square test was also used to compare the program between HSTTI Mymensingh and HSTTI Rajshahi. Analytical results and discussion have been presented based on the objectives of the research, and a summary of findings was presented based on the CIPP model. The results indicate that there are some strengths and weaknesses of SBTTP based on the analytical results of data provided by participant teachers, opinion from FGD and interview with the high officials identified. Strength of the training program includes training content, training materials, training methodology, assessment procedure, competency level of trainers, training facilities, duration of training, training environment, etc. It has found that the training program is effective for professional development among non-government college teachers in Bangladesh. Weaknesses of the program include, among other inadequate funds, insufficient resources, lack of proper cooperation among central authorities and HSTTIs. Some of the respondents have shown dissatisfied regarding the content area, application of pedagogical knowledge of the external trainers, inadequate use of ICTs by trainers in training sessions. Some areas of training programs, its facilities, and coordination need to be developed to achieve the ultimate goal of HSTTIs. After classroom observation, it has noticed that due to the inadequate cooperation of colleagues and principals in the college, the trained teacher cannot apply their training knowledge and skills properly in the classroom situation. Demographic results show that professional degrees of trainee participant (college teachers) under the area of HSTTI Mymensingh was higher than the area of HSTTI Rajshahi. There have been significant differences between HSTTI Mymensingh and HSTTI Rajshahi regarding time management of the trainers, application of trainers’ knowledge and skills, training content and materials, and use of audio-visual materials. The result of the research incorporated in the CIPP evaluation model. Context evaluation indicates that SBTTP offered by HSTTIs is obligatory for the non-government college teachers in Bangladesh. Input includes a budget for training, facilities of the training program, trainers, and trainees' characteristics. The process includes training curriculum and content, training method, assessment procedure, training management, and environment, integration of ICTs. The product includes training achievement, after training classroom performance, and a comparative scenario between HSTTI Mymensingh and HSTTI Rajshahi. To develop the training program some areas should be upgraded and modified such as evaluate the trainee’s performance according to cognitive domains (The cognitive domain involves knowledge and the development of intellectual skills), include panel discussion, seminar, increase assignment and simulation activities, introduce follow up training, use of updated training modules, and ensure sufficient ICT facilities. This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Anthropology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z Akand, Md.Mustafa Kamal http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/550 2022-06-08T03:50:56Z 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z

Cultural Adaptation of the Ethnic Migrants to an Urban Setting: An Anthropological Study of Rajshahi City in Bangladesh Akand, Md.Mustafa Kamal The present research titled Cultural Adaptation of the Ethnic Migrants to an Urban Setting: An Anthropological Study of Rajshahi City in Bangladesh has been conducted with a major objective to explore the pattern and process of migratory transition of ethnic communities from rural to urban environment and their adaptation strategies by means of cultural assimilation in the complex urban setting of the city of Rajshahi in northern Bangladesh. Traditionally, these ethnic communities preferred to live in the rural areas and betrothed deeply in agricultural mode of activities since their first access in Barind Tract. Simplicity, distinctive cultural manifestations with ethnic peculiarity, social imminence among themselves are the fundamental uniqueness of these communities. Cities and towns are often regarded to be an exotic and inappropriate place for their existence and consequently, urban locality had remained reasonably an inauspicious and foreign world to these ethnic communities. Similarly, by a contrast to the mainstream population, only a few numbers of ethnic populace have responded to the pace of urbanization and have immigrated to the city and town areas of northern Bangladesh just at the commencement of 21st century. Rajshahi City having a significant center of administrative, commercial and educational functionaries of north and northwestern Bangladesh ranked as the principal recipient of these migrated ethnic groups. Migration and the process of urbanization undoubtedly create some fundamental problems of adaptation among these ethnic communities. Hence, migration and its encompassing complexities such as migrant's specialty, decision to move, causes and types of migration, process of urbanization as well as the problems of ethnic cultural adaptation to a new and unfamiliar urban environment definitely require a holistic investigation. It is with the above implications; the present study has encompassed a wide-ranging research investigation conducted among the ethnic migrants who have been residing at nine ethnic clusters scateredlly located in the urban areas of Rajshahi City. Initially, the study began with a brief description of various ethnic communities in Bangladesh and analyzed the anthropological significance of ethnic culture in structuring and patterning the Bengali culture type with a specific emphasis on various ethnic groups of northern region. It contains a cross-cultural glimpse of the basic socio-cultural aspects of ethnic groups living particularly in Barind Tract. And a concise note on the trend of urbanization in Bangladesh also has been incorporated with a view to assess the position and participation of ethnic communities in the contemporary urbanization process. The basic aspects of Rajshahi City such as its socio-cultural history, ecological setting, geographical location, major functionaries, demographic characteristics, migration scenario and its specialty as well as the pattern of ethnic settlement have been discussed briefly in a separate section of the research. Rural-urban migration of the ethnic communities, and its associated phenomena such as various theoretical explanations, factors and variables that influence ethnic migration in the flow of urbanization and the facts and findings regarding migrants' basic characteristics have been analytically presented. It delineates the migratory movements of ethnic communities from the perspectives of time and space and highlights the general tendency of ethnic settlements, decision-making process and the role of kinship network during migration. The core cultural configuration and social environment of the Santals and the Paharia in the city have been analytically discussed base on major findings of the research. This section has clarified various issues interrelated to migrants' cultural adaptation from the anthropological point of view and presented a thick cross-cultural interpretation of the entire cultural arenas of two ethnic groups in the urban context. This section of the dissertation has shaded light initially on the physical environment of the settlements to which the migrants ought to adapt and presented a comparative analysis of the housing arrangements and space use coupled with the formation of community and neighborhood in the changing ecological setting. The core cultural elements of the ethnic migrants such as economic life and employment, social control mechanism and political affairs, marriage, family and kinship, religious beliefs and rituals have been analyzed both from the diachronic and synchronic perspectives for a better understanding of the potentialities and inconveniences of traditional ethnic culture in adapting to complex urban setting. As it has been obvious that under the influence of urbanization the economic structure, political process and the religious beliefs of ethnic migrants have been radically changed after migration and this changes have directly affected almost entire faculties of ethnic cultural universe like reproductive strategies, food habit and dietary rules, disease, illness and healing practice, system of communication as well as the festivals and ceremonies in the urban areas. But the basic social institutions such as marriage, its associated activities, family structure and its authoritarian role over the young members and the significance of kinship ties by no means have lost their prominence in adapting to urban complexity though a minor impact has been evident on the formation and functions of these traditional social institutions. Migrants are generally acculturated in adopting various cultural traits of urban life through their multi-lateral interaction with diverse urban institutions and functionaries. And the role of voluntary associations has become a major imperative to get a better survival in changing circumstances. Finally, the concluding section enlightens us with a theoretical statement on the changes and shifts in ethnic adaptation strategies by means of culture to the complex urban milieu of a pre-industrial city like Rajshahi in Bangladesh. It will enable us as an anthropological baseline for understanding the contemporary process of urbanization and its encompassing scenario that generally are happening in Third World countries. This thesis is Submitted to the Department of Anthropology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

2005-01-01T00:00:00Z