http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/31 2026-04-07T23:12:00Z 2026-04-07T23:12:00Z Islam, Khandaker Md. Shariful http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/716 2022-08-07T04:32:51Z 1995-01-01T00:00:00Z

He Role of Donor A.Gencies in The Formulation of Industrial Policy in Bangladesh Islam, Khandaker Md. Shariful Policy making in developing countries are conditioned by many actors and factors existed in the national as well as in the international environment. As a key actor donor Agencies ‘role in the development process in general and in the policy formulation in particular has been debated for a long. Whether donors can influence the public policy making process of Bangladesh as a recipient country has been a matter of debate and great concern on part of the academicians, researchers, pressmen and policy makers. There exist different and sometimes conflicting views over the issue of whether donors can really interfere in the policy making of Bangladesh and compel the policy makers to mound the policy in their preferred direction. Controversies continue to exist over to what 0xtent the donors should interfere in the domestic policymaking! process of developing countries. The present study attempts to examine the extent of donors influence in the policy process of Bangladesh by focusing on industrial policy in details. The main objective of the study is to make a critical assessment of the existing practice of public policy making in Bangladesh assuming the donors' role as the key actor. It modestly attempts to focus on how the donor agenciesintervene in the industrial policy formation of Bangladesh.---------------------------------------------- This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Public Administration, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for the Degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil)

1995-01-01T00:00:00Z Aktar, Shajeda http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/539 2022-06-08T03:49:59Z 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z

Women Empowerment in the Local Government System in Bangladesh: A Study of Elected Women Members of Some Selected Union Parishads Aktar, Shajeda "The things, which are good for the world, Half of them have been done by women and half by men." Kazi Nazrul Islam. The National Poet of Bangladesh. Nazrul might have been impelled by conscience while observing injustice towards women.2 And we see, "too often women and men live in different in access to education and work opportunities, and in health, personal security and leisure time".3 Due to low status of women approximately half of Bangladesh population is left behind in darkness. In fact there is positive relationship between disempowerment of women and backwardness of any society. Clearly, there can be no sustainable human development, nor any successful population Programmed without the full and equal participation of women. The ICPD Cairo 1994 acknowledged that the empowerment of women is a cornerstone of population and development policies4. The Fourth World Conference on Women 1995, Beijing, declared a Platform for Action that describes itself as an agenda for women's empowennent"5. In Bangladesh, like many other developing countries, women access to positions of influence and power is limited; their occupational choices are narrower and their earnings lower than those of men; and they must struggle to reconcile activities outside the home with their traditional roles6 While many .men, particularly among the poor, also find themselves disenfranchised, it is a far more common experience among women 7. This experience is rooted in the failure of our society to value women for anything but their reproductive role. illiteracy, low life expectancy, low rate of labour force participation, no ownership of land, higher rate of unemployment, high fertility, mortality and morbidity, form a vicious circle adversely affecting women in Bangladesh. Although Bangladesh "had been a pioneer in women emancipation and education, women are politically exploited, socially oppressed, legally ignored and technologically deprived"8. The need for empowerment of women in Bangladesh arises from this harsh social scenario. Participation of women in local level institutions has been considered as the most effective instrument to remove the inequality, instability and powerlessness of women 9. Women need preparation, need training both mentally and physically: such preparation can only be happen if the supportive environment is provided to women, at all stages, by all section of society, the home, school, religion, government and society10 Considering Union Parishad as institution of such supportive environment, in this study an attempt has been made to evaluate how the one-third reservation of seats in local bodies provides a supportive environment to the process of women empowerment in Bangladesh. This thesis is Submitted to the Department of Public Administration, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil)

2005-01-01T00:00:00Z Sultana, Nahid http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/538 2022-06-08T03:49:56Z 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z

The Role of NGOs in Increasing Awareness among Vulnerable Women in Bangladesh: A Study on Two Selected NGOs in Rajshahi District Sultana, Nahid Women can play an equal and vital role in all sorts of development activities of a country .Approximately half of the total population of Bangladesh is woman. From a long time being, religious fanaticism and superstitions are considered to be the main barrier of women’s development. Like one cannot ignore the contributions of women in the question of expansion of society and civilization, similarly sustainable and fruitful development cannot be acquired without the participation of women. Despite of the equality of man-women ratio in Bangladesh, the importance and potentialities of women have been disregarded in socio - economic developments till today. Women are suffering in every respect in this country. From a long time, this trampled situation makes women apathetic and unconscious about her country, society and herself Right from their birth, women are neglected in food sharing, education, work, independent thinking, and right to property, choice and matters of decision making. Patriarchy still controls all institutions of the society, the parliament, military establishments, judiciary, education and benevolent organizations etc. Women have inadequate access to the law, due to illiteracy, lack of legal literacy, information and resources, insensitivity and gender bias. They are also lack awareness of women's human rights in general. But now everybody realize that without the contribution and participation of women the proper development and prosperity of the country cannot be possible. So, to improve the backward and in awareness situation, Government of Bangladesh takes various initiatives. But it 1s very difficult for the government alone to aware the backward women in a short period of time. So the government helps and supports various non government organizations (NGOs) to works for these vulnerable women. NGOs are working with the government to establish the rights and overall development of women. NGOs enable their clients and beneficiaries to graduate into higher standards of living. In addition to their poverty alleviation programs, they set many motivational programs for the women at grassroots level. These programs have made women aware of their rights and the women have their platform to raise their voices……………….. This thesis is Submitted to the Department of Public Administration, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil)

2005-01-01T00:00:00Z Chowdhury, Mst Shuvra http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/288 2022-05-04T13:54:46Z 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z

Impact of ‘The Local Government (Union Parishad) Act, 2009’ on the Local Governance in Bangladesh: A Focus on People’s Participation and Accountability Chowdhury, Mst Shuvra This is an impact study of the Local Government (Union Parishad) Act, 2009. It is about the scope of people’s participation, and thereby accountability of public officials, i.e. Social Accountability Mechanisms (SAM) in local level planning at the Ward Shava (Ward Meeting hereinafter WS) and budgeting at the Unmukto Budget Shava (Open Budget Meeting, hereinafter OBM) processes. The state of the application of two other techniques of New Public Management (NPM), i.e. Right to Information (RTI) and Citizen’s Charter (CC), by the citizens in the planning and budgeting processes has also been explored. This study has employed both qualitative and quantitative data derived from both primary and secondary sources. The first observation is that, for the very first time, grassroots people are engaged in the local level (Union Parishad hereinafter UP) planning and budget preparation in Bangladesh, as a result of the enactment of the Local Government (Union Parishad) Act, 2009 (“the Act, 2009”) . It is evident that the process of planning and budgeting through WS and OBM, as processes, are well-designed by the Act, 2009. The Act offers people the opportunity of direct engagement to identify problems, related to their livelihoods, at the Ward level. At each stage of the planning process, there are provisions for engaging ordinary citizens, as well as representatives of Civil Society Organizations (CSO). The obvious expectation of Parliament was that general people, with their associates, could demand answerability of the UP functionaries. This study also finds that the mandate of the process of dissemination of information, under the the provisions of the Right To Information Act 2009 (“RTI”) and Citizens’ Charters (“CC”), has empowered those UP Councillors who want to be responsive to the general people at the WS and OBM. However, the flow of information at the UPs, through their Union Information and Service Centers (UISC), website of Local Government Division (LGD), at the notice board and billboard of the UP office etc., has not created transparency, as most village residents do not access these sources. The second set of observations is related to the outcomes/ changes which have occurred with the implementation of the Local Government (Union Parishad) Act, 2009. It is evident that, when people are offered legitimized engagement in the planning and budgeting cycle, they have the ability to identify their areas of priority needs and to bargain with the UP functionaries. The fund utilization process has been monitored by the people at the OBM. Dissemination of other information, including a UP’s income, expenditure, project beneficiary list, project list, etc. has enhanced transparency. The trust of the voters in their elected UP officials, has also been enhanced, since many of the people who participated at both the WS and OBM have expressed their satisfaction with those processes. Personal motivation of the elected and government officials of UP to involve the public in the processes and involvement of NGOs have been seen as means for enhancing the capacity of the UP functionaries to implement these provisions. The third set of findings has depicted the challenges which have to be resolved to secure more participation by citizens and more responsiveness of the UP functionaries. Inconvenient times and places of meeting, religious codes and patriarchy, lack of education and awareness of the general people and mistrust of the UP functionaries due to institutionalization of corruption are some reasons that discourage people’s access to the WS and OBM. On the other hand, lack of resources, local power structure, lack of cooperation from government officials, lack of capacity of the UP functionaries and interference of national politicians in local matters are some challenges of SAM that reduce the UP functionaries’ responsiveness and answerability to the needs of their voters. However, non-compliance with the strategy of bottom- up planning, lack of a standardised charter of services for UPs or citizens’ engagement in developing CCs, lack of customer focus, lack of realization of user charges, lack of experts on the application of ICT at the UP are some challenges of implementation of the NPM techniques that are hindering effective service delivery and popular participation in planning and budgeting at the UP level Finally, some suggestions for UP, including capacity building of the UP functionaries to conduct social mapping for UP plan preparation, placement of government officials in UP offices, partnership with private, other public and NGO programs, e-Governance, utilisation of ICT, advertisement and mass awareness building programs etc. have been offered, for improved socio economic development of the local people. This thesis is Submitted to the Department of Public Administration, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

2015-01-01T00:00:00Z