http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/154 2026-04-07T21:46:23Z 2026-04-07T21:46:23Z Huq, Sheikh Majedul http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/803 2022-08-31T06:39:01Z 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z

Customer Satisfaction in Medicare Institutions in Bangladesh Huq, Sheikh Majedul Good health is a gift of Almighty Allah. Health is the core of all human functions. Sound health secures sound mind and sound mind is the first and foremost necessity of an active human being. A developing country like Bangladesh where the main resource is manpower must focus on sound and healthy population. In this regard, proper medicare service is a crying need. The objectives of the study is to evaluate customers satisfaction and loyalty in Medicare Institutions in Bangladesh and to determine the comparative effectiveness in services of various Medicare Institutions like private, public, NGO related health care organizations and so on. The empirical study has been developed through a conceptual framework on quality service dimension and measurement of the relationships with clients' satisfaction and loyalty. There are eleven hypotheses developed for the study. To test all hypotheses, regression analysis and chi-square test have been used. Here, researcher has selected four categorical Medicare Institutions; among them 19 Medicare institutions have been taken as sample unit through random sampling from the Northern area of Bangladesh. Primary and secondary data have been collected through the self­ administered questionnaire. Semantic deferential seven (7) point rating scale questionnaire has been used here through simple random sampling. The total numbers of respondents were 567 where the 57.5 percent is male and 42.5 percent is female. The study has been conducted on 567 respondents where 59 per cent of customers live in villages and 40.9 percent of customers live in the cities. This study also represents that 46.9 percent of respondents has taken their health services from the Public Medicare Institutions and 42.3 percent of respondents has chosen Private Medicare Institutions to have their Medicare services. Among them 3.5 percent has taken their services from other Medicare Institutions and 7.2 percent of people has received their service from NGOs related Medicare Institutions. This study has also used SERVQUAL service quality model that has gained much importance over the last decades to measure the overall service standard of every enterprise. It is revealed from this study that, the reliability of service i.e. doctors' efficiency, nurses' efficiency and availability of doctors has shown satisfactory level for getting right treatment for the first time. The customer has also been satisfied on the tangibility of the service variables i.e. neat and clean operation theater (OT), use of modem Equipments but thecustomers have still been dissatisfied with the existing cleanliness of bed, cabin, floor, toilet and bathroom of the Medicare Institutions. For the communication process, they have been highly dissatisfied with the presence of agent or 'dalal'. But respondents are not satisfied regarding the application of rules and proper monitoring system and easy service receiving process provided by the Medicare Institutions in Bangladesh. The study has revealed that the male patients (mean 4.6523) have been more satisfied with the service of Private Medicare Institutions than that of the Public Medicare Institutions. The people with higher income have been more satisfied with the quality of services. Most of the respondents whose income is medium have seemed to be satisfied in Public Medicare Institutions. It has been observed from this study that overall performance of Private Medicare Institutions i.e. customer satisfaction and loyalty rate has far better than that of Public Medicare Institutions and other centers. Finally, researcher might say that the respected customers feel satisfied more in case of the Medicare of assurance of service, empathy of service and billing system. Using SERVQUAL model, the researcher has observed that the respondents are not satisfied regarding the reliability of services provided by Medicare Institutions. The result also corroborates the same view in case of cost of service, accessibility to service, responsiveness of service and communicative system. The semantic deferential 7 point rating scale provides an overall mean value that is 3.9680 towards the Medicare institutions in Bangladesh which means that the respondents are not satisfied with the existing medicare services. The mean value of satisfaction towards Private Medicare Institutions is 4.4486 and the mean value of satisfaction towards Public Medicare Institutions is 3.7077. The mean value of other types of Medicare Institutions is 3.5750. NGO related health care service shows 3.0359 mean values which prove the minimum level of satisfaction for the respondents. It is also found in the study that quality of service has been considered as a strategic advantage for the organization to gain success and to sustain in the competitive environment. The country is waiting for prudent actions to steer an improved health recovery for the continuation of economic and social progress. Health is the root of all happiness. Since health care service is crucial and sensitive issue to all, the Government should give more emphasis on policy making and proper controlling not only on the private and public Medicare Institutions but also on NGOs related healthcare and other centers. Health care sector has had a wide influence not only on building a healthy and prosperous nation but also making a solid national economy. So, all concerned and stakeholders should have an extra look on this issue without making any delay for ensuring quality health care service which is a fundamental human right to be more humane. This Thesis is Submitted to the Institute of Business Administration (IBA) , University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil)

2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Miah, Md. Abdul Latif http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/743 2022-08-16T03:44:39Z 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z

Micro Credit Operations and Women Entrepreneurship Development in Bangladesh : A Study of Grameen Bank Miah, Md. Abdul Latif Rural women constitute about 90 percent of total female population who remain as yet significantly untapped human resources (UNDP. Dhaka, 1989). In any country, the role of women in socio-economic development is immense. Many rural women in the developing countries need to work in order to survive but the rural wage-market and society are not prepared for them. ((Moslehuddin and Kibria 1987). In developed countries, women have participated in all spheres of socio-economic development and brought about the instant development. Comparatively, women of Bangladesh are far behind which is undoubtlly an impediment to our total development. After independence, Bangladesh government has taken various welfare programs with a large number of grant and subsidies to improve the women entrepreneurs but these programs have not been fully successful in meeting their objectives. The common features of these programs were based on foreign aid and subsidy. These programs were not sustainable and perpetual. Extensive programs were taken during the Third Five Year Plan (1985-90) and Fourth Five Year Plan (1990-95) to ensure mass women participation by involving them into the mainstream of development through departments of women affairs. However, it has not reached the whole of the country, especially poor rural women. Economic development of a country is largely dependent on the existence and growth of ent1 perineurial class in that country (Rahman, 1995:67). The role of entrepreneur in the industrial development of a country is well recognized. Mostly male entrepreneurs have played this role over the past centuries. Women's participation in business was conspicuously insignificant for a very long period. The women entrepreneurs have shown great enthusiasm to evolve into entrepreneurship, but retreated from the field on account of multiplicity of problems faced in leading the project to the final stage of production and continue commercial operation. As a result, many enthusiastic women entrepreneurs could not develop themselves as stable one due to lack of needed promotional assistance. The promotional agencies do not appear to have given adequate promotional support to the women entrepreneurs especially the rural poor women entrepreneurs due to lack of adequate collateral. The potentialities are great for poor women entrepreneurs. Appropriate opportunities, congenial environment and collateral free credit assistance can only prove how rapidly such potentialities can be converted into the realities of developing poor women entrepreneurs. A large portion of the rural program women have benefited significantly from participation in the micro-credit programs of Bangladesh (Choudhury, 2001 & 2002: 28). Collateral free micro credit operations will be the appropriate key to the success of the poor women entrepreneurs at the grass-root level. Moreover, the micro credit approach may be one of the effective ways to reduce the difficulties of small business women entrepreneurs. As a pioneer bank Grameen Bank has created a number of local revolving collateral free loan funds that extend credit to women entrepreneurs in low-income communities. The Grameen Bank credit programs have substantially improved the socio-economic conditions of its borrowers (Hossain, 1999: 78). The Grameen Bank has been lending micro enterprise loan for the first moving members, especially the business run by women entrepreneurs. Grameen Bank has been running various operations throughout the country through a set of well-defined guidelines with special reference to the objectives, assessments of credit needs and rate of interest, repayment period, security, and so on. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the development of women entrepreneurship through micro credit operations by Grameen Bank. 1.2 Rationale of the study Entrepreneur is an important agent of economic development of a developing country like Bangladesh. Women entrepreneurship development has recently gained considerable importance in the government policy making (Mohiuddin, Moniruzzaman and Mahmood, 1998: 47). Interest in women entrepreneurs as research subjects has developed very recently. Part of this interest is due to the tremendous growth in small business start-ups by females. The other major reasons for the interest arise from the assumption that women entrepreneurs encounter difficulties in starting and operating business which are different from those faced by male (Naider: 1987). In Bangladesh, there is a growing interest in the subject of women entrepreneurship in the wake of rapid socio-economic change. This thesis is Submitted to Institute of Business Administration (IBA), University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil)

2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Kabir, Mahmudul http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/363 2022-05-08T15:48:54Z 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z

Service Marketing in Bangladesh- A Case Study of Bangladesh Railway Kabir, Mahmudul The present study is descriptive in nature. It attempts to explore the condition of Service Marketing in Bangladesh Railway sector depending on the mixes of Marketing. The study has been designed to find out the condition of Service Marketing in Bangladesh Railway related to product, price, place promotion and people. In the present study, the researcher has collected both qualitative data and quantitative data depending on the mixes of marketing. The researcher has analyzed data using the mixed approach of Creswell and has formulated triangulation to interpret data and their result for the findings of the research study. So, the present research study is qualitative and quantitative (mixed approach) by nature. A potential practical situation observation and documentary analysis has been conducted for descriptive analysis of the study. This documentary analysis is widely used here to draw the inference from the compilation, analysis and interpretation of assembled data. Here, ‘Opinion survey’ is also used for qualitative judgments from the lower class, upper class and middle class passengers traveling in different times by Bangladesh Railway. For opinion survey, 400 respondents (100 upper class passengers, 200 middle class passengers, 100 lower class passengers) have been selected randomly from the west zone of Bangladesh Railway. The reason behind selecting more number of middle Class passengers than that of other classes is that, researchers found this group of passengers replied more enthusiastically to them. The Simple Random Sampling (SRS) technique has been followed for collecting primary data. First, the researcher has collected a range of information regarding the issue through interview, consultation and observation. The statements have been noted on the basis of their opinion and 49 items have been used as the primary elements of the questionnaire. The Likert-type (Summated Scales) scale has been considered suitable and adopted for the present study because of the fact that the study has been viewed as a mediator of social life of the people engaged with the transportation service of Bangladesh railway. Then a pilot study has been conducted in order to select the items of the questionnaire. 120 respondents have been interviewed (35 lower class Passengers, 35 upper class Passengers and 50 middle class Passengers) for this purpose. Then, the method of finding the Discriminative Power (DP) of each statement has been calculated for primary item selection. An item with a high DP has been selected for the questionnaire. By this way, 14 items have been excluded which have showed DP below 0.50. As a result, final list of questionnaire contains 35 items. The selected 35 questions have been classified into five major groups according to the mixes of marketing considered as product, price, place, promotion and people. That will remain in final form of questionnaire to be applied on selected respondents finally for collecting primary data. Then, another one close ended questionnaire has been reformed to find out the satisfaction, belief and opinion of different kinds of passengers. Each of the questions has two alternate answers as ‘Yes’ and ‘No’. Different statistical methods and techniques have been applied for analysis of data such as Percentage corresponding, Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation, One-sample T-test, Paired T-test and Co-efficient of Variation (CV) analysis. Then the researcher has calculated the scores of the opinions of the respondents in quantitative approach. The researcher has formulated the matrix of the beneficiaries’ using both percentage corresponding and mean corresponding of the scores through triangulation. Then the researcher has converted the highly stressed opinions into qualitative mode and has interpreted as findings. By this process, the issues that have more significance and possible solutions have been identified. In general the interpretation of results has showed that the overall existing service sector of Bangladesh Railway has implemented a little content of service marketing concept. The overall enterprise has implemented the conventional ancient methods in managing the organization. In order to achieve the expected goal of Bangladesh Railway there needs a change, extension and modification of the overall corporate structure of the enterprise and a proper market based reorientation is very much necessary. This thesis is Submitted to the Institute of Business Administration (IBA), University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for the Degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil)

2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Rahman, Md. Matiur http://rulrepository.ru.ac.bd/handle/123456789/348 2022-05-08T08:04:21Z 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z

Growth and Development of Readymade Garment Industry in Bangladesh Rahman, Md. Matiur The Readymade Garment Industry is the main industry of Bangladesh which has been playing a significant role in the overall industrialization. Maximum foreign earnings of the country come from the sector. In 2006, 76% of total foreign exchange earnings has been earned by RMG sector. The sector employs 3.6 million people. 85% of whom are women. The contribution of this sector to GDP is increasing day by day . In 2004-2005 its contribution was 12.64% of GDP whereas it was only 5.87% in 1989-90 .In fiscal year 19.81, the contribution of this sector was only .47%($3.36 million )of total exports which increased to 79.3%($12.34 billion ) in the fiscal year 2009.Once Bangladesh enjoyed absolute facility due to GSP and MF J\ during MFA regime. From Ist January 2005, the MFA has been phased out and the import duties on apparels have been eliminated. Experts are of the opinion that Bangladesh may have to face keen competition in US market because of phasing out MFA. The garment industry of Bangladesh has been facing very high competition from China , Pakistan , other Southeast Asian countries . Bangladesh has to import all her required raw materials from aboard at high price . Our productivity is very low , because of irregular supply of gas and electricity , inefficiency of labor , problem of importing of raw materials , lack of developed technology, unfavorable environment of work , delay in exports and political unrest and mismanagement of Chittagong port .There is serious shortage of skilled manpower in the Readymade Garment Industry of our country. To make her more competitive in the changed world markets Bangladesh has to follow some preconditions such as decreased lead time, increased communication, easy port facilitie, simple and dynamic banking facilities, decreased complexity of bureaucracy, implementation of industrial and capital investment policy. After the phase out of MF A , some Sub-Saharan countries are enjoying more facilities due to USTD Act, 2000 . The objectives of the study are to examine the nature of growth of the Readymade Garment industry (RMG) in Bangladesh; to identify the factors affecting the growth of RMG industry in Bangladesh; to trace the opportunities and threats that may be encountered by RMG Industry: to diagnose the financial health of the RMG industry; to examine the nature of health, safety and velfare measures of the RMG industry and its influence on the labour management relations and to suggest a proper strategy of the RMG industry of Bangladesh. We have selected 10 readymade garment factories out of 4825 RMG factories as the subject of our study. Our study covers a period of six years starting from 20 We have prepared three sets of questionnaire. One set only for Managers, the another set for Entrepreneurs , BGMEA, Accountants and Export Promotion Bureau and the third set for Workers. We have used different statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation, and t- test, Cronbaeh's alpha test, chi-square test for analysis and interpretation of data and for testing the hypotheses. Our study shows that there is no significant difference in growth factors during pre and post MFA periods. The factors affecting the growth were cheap labour, low capital investment, quota market, energetic entrepreneurship, government supportive policy, availability of liberal bank loan , supply of technical staff assistance, imposition of quota restriction on neigh bouring countries, high demand of readymade garment products in aboard etc. It is evident from the study that the threats to RMG are political instability, dependence on outside source for buying raw cotton, MFA phasing out, power failure, unskilled workers, drop out of female workers, lack of social recognition, pollution of environment, job security of workers, lack of working environment, duty free access of 72 Sub-Saharan countries in USA market, changing fashion etc. From an over view of diagnosis of the financial health of RMG industry, we see that its liquidity position, solvency position are not satisfactory but management efficiency is satisfactory. The respondents almost agreed about the adequacy of health, safety and welfare measure taken by RMG industry. To maintain sustained growth and development, the factories should be shifted to separate area from the densely populated area to maintain healthy working environment. Bangladesh should increase the number of RMG products and should produce high end product. The Labour efficiency has to be increased to decrease the production cost of RMG products. Bangladesh should establish more and more backward linkage industry and should develop infrastructural facilities such as regular supply of electricity, gas and increasing communication and port facility. Labour unrest should be eliminated. Bangladesh should communicate with the customers directly to export her products to abroad. Bangladesh should arrange the national and international fair of RMG products. Lead time should be reduced by establishing backward linkage industry, training of workers , regular supply of electricity and gas, cultivation of cotton, elimination of political disturbance the development of road and railway communication. The financial institutions should come forward to arrange loan to RMG industry in favourable terms and conditions. Modern technology should be applied to swell the productivity and quality of RMG products. Bangladesh should find out new market niches. To maintain sustainable development of RMG industry, Bangladesh should motivate workers, develop human resource and construct deep sea port. It is very necessary to establish bonded warehouse. The management of Chittagong port should be improved .Government needs to establish more and more training institution to train up efficient workers and take other welfare measures. From analysis of the SWOT factors, we suggest to sequential combination strategy for the sample firms. This thesis is submitted to the Institute of Business Administration IBA, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for the Degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil)

2015-01-01T00:00:00Z